{"id":14366,"date":"2017-08-01T16:28:58","date_gmt":"2017-08-01T16:28:58","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/173.230.141.246\/dcc\/wpdemo\/?p=14366"},"modified":"2025-07-11T15:27:38","modified_gmt":"2025-07-11T15:27:38","slug":"world_war_ii_and_american_visual_culture","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/?p=14366","title":{"rendered":"World War II and US Visual Culture"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs\" data-active-tab=\"0\"><ul class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__nav-links\"><\/ul>\n<div class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__nav-link\"><span class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__title-wrapper\"><a href=\"#\"><span class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__title\">Essay<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__tab-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__tab-content\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Introduction<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/baskes_d743_2_g4_1944_pg_05_o2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"428\" height=\"600\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/baskes_d743_2_g4_1944_pg_05_w.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-13795\" style=\"width:250px;height:350px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/baskes_d743_2_g4_1944_pg_05_w.jpg 428w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/baskes_d743_2_g4_1944_pg_05_w-300x421.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/baskes_d743_2_g4_1944_pg_05_w-214x300.jpg 214w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 428px) 100vw, 428px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/baskes_d743_2_g4_1944_pg_05_o2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">&#8220;This is War&#8221; in <em>Pictorial Review of World War Two<\/em> by Geographical Publishing Co. (1944) <\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The second global war of the twentieth century, World War II (1939-1945) began when Adolph Hitler\u2019s Germany invaded Poland on September 1, 1939. For the first two years many in the U.S. thought the country should remain uninvolved. But war was declared after Japan\u2019s attack on Hawaii\u2019s military base, Pearl Harbor, on December 7th, 1941. Ultimately, the two warring sides were the Axis Powers\u2013\u2013Germany, Italy, Japan, and other countries\u2013\u2013against the Allies\u2013\u2013Britain, the United States, France, and others. The worldwide Depression of the previous decade had now been replaced with a vast contest between fascist aggression on the one hand and the defense of democracy on the other. For this reason, many still regard WWII as a \u201cgood\u201d or \u201cjust\u201d war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Besides Europe, battlefronts existed in such far-flung locales as North Africa, Asia, the North Atlantic, and the South Pacific. WWI had been unprecedented in the killing of soldiers because of the introduction of machine guns, tanks, planes, and poison gas. WWII now involved large-scale assaults on civilians\u2013\u2013the Soviet Union suffered the most\u2013\u2013resulting in tens of millions of deaths. It remains the deadliest conflict in human world history. But America\u2019s experience of WWII was very different than populations in Europe and elsewhere. No battles or civilians were killed on the American mainland, though families endured thousands of military casualties. Instead, the distant war was experienced mainly through media and popular culture, making its study crucially important.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In the middle of the twentieth century, most of the popular media were in print form: newspapers, magazines, books, maps, and the like. Thus, the pictorial means by which most people engaged news and information about the war were through text, illustration, and photography. Posters delivered visual and textual information in a visually impactful and public manner. They were used for patriotic purposes, to maintain morale, to warn people (of espionage, of sharing war secrets), for recruitment, for rationing and for the sale of War Bonds, certificates that directly funded the war. Publishing firms produced all manner of magazine stories, advertising, and sheet music related to the war. Hollywood produced diverting or patriotic movies, often accompanied by newsreels that sensationalized news of the war. Radio allowed audiences to experience the war even more vividly. In President Franklin D. Roosevelt\u2019s famous radio \u201cFireside Chats,\u201d he spoke in a relaxed and candid manner directly to Americans at home, giving them a sense of involvement in the war effort. This period also saw the rise of \u201cBig Bands\u201d that played \u201cSwing\u201d music for a new dancing craze. In terms of fashion, clothing styles were generally conservative, reflecting the economizing of the war era. The flamboyant \u201cZoot Suit,\u201d however, favored by young African American and Latino men, gave its name to race riots in Los Angeles in June, 1943.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Newspaper and metal drives, \u201cVictory\u201d gardens, and rationing (gas, rubber, fabric, shoes, food, etc.) contributed to the nation-wide effort to direct materials to the military. Through activities like these, the home became a site where family members were encouraged to do their part to help win the war. Popular culture was enlisted to do the same. The government projected an image of an ethnically integrated military\u2014there was still considerable segregation\u2014where each group contributed to the national war effort. Overall, in American popular culture in this period, a bright optimism often masked the darker realities and sacrifices of war. Late in the war, however, <em>Life <\/em>magazine\u2019s photographs of dead American soldiers and graphic pictures from Nazi concentration camps shocked readers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">President Truman\u2019s decision to drop atomic bombs on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki (August 6th and 9th, 1945)\u2014to decisively end the war and demonstrate American power\u2014meant that World War II had brought about the nuclear age, and with it a new \u201cCold\u201d War.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Essential Questions:<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>How did the popular media document the people and activities of the homefront and the battlefront?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>How did popular culture promote the war effort?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>How are issues of race, ethnicity, and gender reflected in these documents?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">News and Information about the War<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">As in our distant wars today, Americans during WWII were eager to learn about developments and locations. To this end, the popular press published a wealth of newspapers, magazines, and books. Lavishly illustrated volumes like <em>Pictorial Review of World War Two: A Pictorial Summary of the War to Date\u2026<\/em> (excerpt pictured in the Introduction) provided a great deal of visual and textual information. Besides maps and photographs of military bases and locales, they also provided images of Allied leaders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"442\" height=\"600\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/a5_511_vol_09_Sept_1940_fc_w.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-13793\" style=\"width:264px;height:358px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/a5_511_vol_09_Sept_1940_fc_w.jpg 442w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/a5_511_vol_09_Sept_1940_fc_w-300x407.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/a5_511_vol_09_Sept_1940_fc_w-221x300.jpg 221w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 442px) 100vw, 442px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">&#8220;Air-Raid Victim,&#8221; <em>Life <\/em>(September 9, 1940) <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pictorial magazines were both visually rich\u2014providing much space to photographs and illustrations\u2014and extremely popular. <em>Life<\/em> magazine, bought by Henry Luce in 1936 and transformed into a premier, enduring photography-based magazine, was ubiquitous in American homes and businesses during World War II and after. Its arresting pictures\u2014the magazine\u2019s text was merely captions to them\u2014often helped shape public opinion about the war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Homefront audiences were particularly interested in news and information about their soldier\u2019s day-to-day life. Receiving mail was a big event for soldiers. Often illustrated with funny scenes, postcards were extremely popular during WWII, and companies like Curt Teich provided thousands of different examples. Besides bringing news from home, the quantity of mail a soldier received could affect the way soldiers viewed each other, as seen here. The comic illustrator Ray Walter drew many such postcards in a zany style in the first half of the twentieth century.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/collections.carli.illinois.edu\/digital\/collection\/nby_teich\/id\/7775\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"512\" height=\"378\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/collections.carli_.illinois.edu_.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-13792\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/collections.carli_.illinois.edu_.jpg 512w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/collections.carli_.illinois.edu_-300x221.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/collections.carli.illinois.edu\/digital\/collection\/nby_teich\/id\/7775\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ray Walters, &#8220;USA-17,&#8221; Curt Teich Postcard Collection (1941) <\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Questions to Consider:<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>How important is it to show the leaders of Allied countries during wartime?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>What affect do you think the child Blitz victim had on whether the U.S. should aid England?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>How would a soldier react getting (or sending) this post-card? Why is it important to be light-hearted during the war?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Representing the Soldier <\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/wing_nd_212_a2254_1944_001_o2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/wing_nd_212_a2254_1944_001_o2-1024x801.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-13811\"\/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/wing_nd_212_a2254_1944_001_o2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">&#8220;The Man in the Rear Seat&#8221; in <em>Our Flying Navy in Action<\/em> by Abbott Laboratories (1944)<\/a> <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Much of the popular visual culture of the WWII era was devoted to depictions of the American serviceman. Not surprisingly, soldiers were most often represented as energetic, handsome, and for the most part, white. Private companies like Abbott Laboratories sponsored artists, illustrators, and journalists to create visual materials that supported the war effort. Renowned American artists made the drawings and paintings from which these frameable prints were copied.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Political cartoons of the time were often patriotic. In the image pictured here, a steel smelting pot at left (marked \u201cU.S.A\u201d) pours out a wide variety of foreign surnames representing the multi-ethnic makeup of the armed services. Illustrating a \u201cMelting Pot\u201d vision of America, the lettering in the sky reads, \u201cDescendants Of Many Lands Fighting For America, THEIR Country. Bill Mauldin (1921-2003), a soldier himself, was a Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist who became famous for his \u201cUp Front\u201d cartoons about military life. His repeating characters \u201cWillie and Joe\u201d are scruffy, dispirited infantrymen enduring the frustrations of war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-995f960e wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/f_1232_165_pg_58_o2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/f_1232_165_pg_58_o2-scaled-e1619624406895-768x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-13789\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/f_1232_165_pg_58_o2-scaled-e1619624406895-768x1024.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/f_1232_165_pg_58_o2-scaled-e1619624406895-300x400.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/f_1232_165_pg_58_o2-scaled-e1619624406895-600x800.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/f_1232_165_pg_58_o2-scaled-e1619624406895-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/f_1232_165_pg_58_o2-scaled-e1619624406895-1152x1536.jpg 1152w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/f_1232_165_pg_58_o2-scaled-e1619624406895.jpg 1209w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/f_1232_165_pg_58_o2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">John T. McCutcheon, &#8220;The Melting Pot has Fused its Metal&#8221; (March 6, 1942) <\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/ruggles_255_pg_68_o2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"731\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/ruggles_255_pg_68_o2-731x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-13807\" style=\"width:319px;height:446px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/ruggles_255_pg_68_o2-731x1024.jpg 731w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/ruggles_255_pg_68_o2-scaled-300x420.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/ruggles_255_pg_68_o2-scaled-600x840.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/ruggles_255_pg_68_o2-214x300.jpg 214w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/ruggles_255_pg_68_o2-768x1075.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/ruggles_255_pg_68_o2-1097x1536.jpg 1097w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/ruggles_255_pg_68_o2-1463x2048.jpg 1463w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/ruggles_255_pg_68_o2-scaled.jpg 1828w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 731px) 100vw, 731px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/ruggles_255_pg_68_o2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Bill Mauldin, <em>Up Front<\/em> cartoon, 68 (1945) <\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/ayer_244_9_a7_u57_1945_tp_o2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"802\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/ayer_244_9_a7_u57_1945_tp_o2-802x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-13809\" style=\"width:250px;height:319px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/ayer_244_9_a7_u57_1945_tp_o2-802x1024.jpg 802w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/ayer_244_9_a7_u57_1945_tp_o2-scaled-300x383.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/ayer_244_9_a7_u57_1945_tp_o2-scaled-600x766.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/ayer_244_9_a7_u57_1945_tp_o2-235x300.jpg 235w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/ayer_244_9_a7_u57_1945_tp_o2-768x980.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/ayer_244_9_a7_u57_1945_tp_o2-1203x1536.jpg 1203w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/ayer_244_9_a7_u57_1945_tp_o2-1604x2048.jpg 1604w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/ayer_244_9_a7_u57_1945_tp_o2-scaled.jpg 2005w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 802px) 100vw, 802px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/ayer_244_9_a7_u57_1945_tp_o2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Bureau of Indian Affairs, <em>Indians in the War<\/em> (1945) <\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The government itself produced pamphlets and publications that documented all aspects of the war effort, including diverse populations serving in the military. Publications like <em>Indians in the War<\/em> were meant to demonstrate how diverse was the war effort in America. However, the authors and photographers could not always avoid dealing in persistent stereotypes, as seen in the difference between the title page, which shows a traditional Native American ritual, and the sober military portraits inside.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Though often segregated in the military, African Americans played conspicuous and important roles during the war. Written by a black journalist and politician, the war-era pamphlet The Negro in the War (back then, \u201cnegro\u201d was considered a polite term) speaks to the many ways that&nbsp;blacks have been mistreated in American society.&nbsp;Even so, the author explains,&nbsp;blacks were still expected to serve their country. A section entitled&nbsp;\u201cThings You Can Do\u201d suggests that white&nbsp;readers \u201cTry to see that the Negroes in your community have the same opportunities for work, home life, and recreation that are open to white citizens.\u201d (p.&nbsp;32)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/h_31837_715_no_71_pg_03_o2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"678\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/h_31837_715_no_71_pg_03_o2-678x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-13810\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/h_31837_715_no_71_pg_03_o2-678x1024.jpg 678w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/h_31837_715_no_71_pg_03_o2-scaled-300x453.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/h_31837_715_no_71_pg_03_o2-scaled-600x907.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/h_31837_715_no_71_pg_03_o2-199x300.jpg 199w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/h_31837_715_no_71_pg_03_o2-768x1161.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/h_31837_715_no_71_pg_03_o2-1016x1536.jpg 1016w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/h_31837_715_no_71_pg_03_o2-1355x2048.jpg 1355w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/h_31837_715_no_71_pg_03_o2-scaled.jpg 1694w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 678px) 100vw, 678px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/h_31837_715_no_71_pg_03_o2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Earl Louis Brown,<em> The Negro and the War<\/em>, 3 (1942)<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Questions to Consider:<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Has the artist done a good job in conveying the excitement of service in a fighter plane?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>If you had to create a new title page illustration how would it be different? How would it reflect the lives of contemporary Native Americans?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>What is supposed to be funny about Mauldin\u2019s cartoon?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Is Carrey\u2019s political cartoon about the diverse range of soldiers effective? If this cartoon appeared today, what kinds of family names would you add to the list?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>As you look at&nbsp;<em>Negro and the War,&nbsp;<\/em>written eighty years ago,&nbsp;do you think the situation for African Americans has changed?&nbsp; Are the &#8220;Causes of Negro Resentment&#8221; still justified?&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Homefront<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/case_a5_706_vol_218_nov_24_1945_fc_o2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"883\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_a5_706_vol_218_nov_24_1945_fc_o2-883x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-13808\" style=\"width:307px;height:356px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_a5_706_vol_218_nov_24_1945_fc_o2-883x1024.jpg 883w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_a5_706_vol_218_nov_24_1945_fc_o2-scaled-300x348.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_a5_706_vol_218_nov_24_1945_fc_o2-scaled-600x696.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_a5_706_vol_218_nov_24_1945_fc_o2-259x300.jpg 259w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_a5_706_vol_218_nov_24_1945_fc_o2-768x891.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_a5_706_vol_218_nov_24_1945_fc_o2-1324x1536.jpg 1324w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_a5_706_vol_218_nov_24_1945_fc_o2-1765x2048.jpg 1765w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 883px) 100vw, 883px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/case_a5_706_vol_218_nov_24_1945_fc_o2\">Norman Rockwell, &#8220;Thanksgiving&#8221; in <em>Saturday Evening Post<\/em> <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/case_a5_706_vol_218_nov_24_1945_fc_o2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">(November 24, 1945) <\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Because none of the battles of WWII were fought on the American mainland, people in this country experienced the war from a distance. They kept abreast of news through the media, and tried to help in the war effort by purchasing war bonds, participating in rationing, and of course sending their beloved family members to serve in the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pictorial magazines\u2014a mixture of news, human-interest stories, advertising, and pictures\u2013were ubiquitous during the war. The <em>Saturday Evening Post<\/em> was one of the most popular magazines of the WW-II era and beyond. Well-known illustrators like Norman Rockwell were regular contributors. Its stories and pictures were oriented to middle-class American families, and much of the war-related popular culture was expressed in its pages.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Victory Gardens were home gardens in which families could raise and conserve their own food and also lower the price paid by the government for food for the military. First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt famously planted one on the White House grounds. The word \u201cvictory\u201d was applied to just about anything linked to the war effort at this time. Advertisers also used the modifier to help sell their products.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">During the war, the government depended on contributions by average citizens to help fund the war effort. This often took the form of war bonds. The large, color, photographic image of a weeping boy in \u201cBuy War Bonds: Third War Loan,\u201d was meant to generate sympathy and contributions. The medal the boy wears and the captain\u2019s hat he holds suggests his father died a war hero.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-995f960e wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/case_wing_broadside_d743_25_h38_1942_no_14_o2\/case_wing_broadside_d743_25_h38_1942_no_14_o2.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"806\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_wing_broadside_d743_25_h38_1942_no_14_o2-806x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-13805\" style=\"width:332px;height:470px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_wing_broadside_d743_25_h38_1942_no_14_o2-806x1024.jpg 806w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_wing_broadside_d743_25_h38_1942_no_14_o2-scaled-300x381.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_wing_broadside_d743_25_h38_1942_no_14_o2-scaled-600x762.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_wing_broadside_d743_25_h38_1942_no_14_o2-236x300.jpg 236w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_wing_broadside_d743_25_h38_1942_no_14_o2-768x975.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_wing_broadside_d743_25_h38_1942_no_14_o2-1210x1536.jpg 1210w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_wing_broadside_d743_25_h38_1942_no_14_o2-1613x2048.jpg 1613w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_wing_broadside_d743_25_h38_1942_no_14_o2-scaled.jpg 2016w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 806px) 100vw, 806px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/case_wing_broadside_d743_25_h38_1942_no_14_o2\/case_wing_broadside_d743_25_h38_1942_no_14_o2.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Plant a Victory Garden, 1942<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/case_wing_broadside_d743_25_h38_1942_no_14_o2\/case_wing_broadside_d743_25_h38_1942_no_33_o2.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"720\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_wing_broadside_d743_25_h38_1942_no_33_o2-720x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-13806\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_wing_broadside_d743_25_h38_1942_no_33_o2-720x1024.jpg 720w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_wing_broadside_d743_25_h38_1942_no_33_o2-scaled-300x426.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_wing_broadside_d743_25_h38_1942_no_33_o2-scaled-600x853.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_wing_broadside_d743_25_h38_1942_no_33_o2-211x300.jpg 211w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_wing_broadside_d743_25_h38_1942_no_33_o2-768x1092.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_wing_broadside_d743_25_h38_1942_no_33_o2-1081x1536.jpg 1081w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_wing_broadside_d743_25_h38_1942_no_33_o2-1441x2048.jpg 1441w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_wing_broadside_d743_25_h38_1942_no_33_o2-scaled.jpg 1801w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/case_wing_broadside_d743_25_h38_1942_no_14_o2\/case_wing_broadside_d743_25_h38_1942_no_33_o2.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">James Hayes, &#8220;Buy War Bonds&#8221; (1942)<\/a> <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Questions to Consider:<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>In Rockwell\u2019s picture, what is the mother thinking? Why is it funny that her soldier son is seen peeling potatoes?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Is the poster of Victory Gardens artistic or realistic? What kinds of produce has the family planted?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Would an image of a crying child convince you to give money (buy war bonds) for the war effort? Does this remind you of any advertisements you might see today?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Gender and War Culture<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_773651-3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"841\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_a5_706_vol_215_may_29_1943_fc_o2-841x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-13794\" style=\"width:368px;height:448px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_a5_706_vol_215_may_29_1943_fc_o2-841x1024.jpg 841w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_a5_706_vol_215_may_29_1943_fc_o2-scaled-300x365.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_a5_706_vol_215_may_29_1943_fc_o2-scaled-600x731.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_a5_706_vol_215_may_29_1943_fc_o2-246x300.jpg 246w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_a5_706_vol_215_may_29_1943_fc_o2-768x935.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_a5_706_vol_215_may_29_1943_fc_o2-1261x1536.jpg 1261w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_a5_706_vol_215_may_29_1943_fc_o2-1682x2048.jpg 1682w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 841px) 100vw, 841px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_773651-3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Norman Rockwell, &#8220;Rosie the Riveter,&#8221; in S<em>aturday Evening Post<\/em> (May 29, 1943) <\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">World War II was a totalizing war, meaning that all the resources of a country\u2014including those who participated in it\u2014were utilized. Because of the scale of WWII, and because production\u2014making armaments, weapons, ships, vehicles and the like\u2014was so important to the outcome of the war, women were now asked to become factory workers. Besides maintaining homes and families, they now found employment in factories and offices directly engaged with the business of war. The character \u201cRosie the Riveter\u201d was a popular media character, first painted by illustrator Norman Rockwell (1894-1978) for <em>Saturday Evening Post<\/em>. Young, healthy, and patriotic, she came to represent the strong, determined woman who now did work previously reserved for men.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">During the war, women could also serve in the military, though not in combat. Written shortly after the war by two women authors, the book <em>While So Serving<\/em> (1947) celebrates the contributions of female sailors of the Naval Reserve called WAVES (\u201cWomen Accepted for Volunteer Emergency Service\u201d). The pictures and text, however, while showing the stages in a Wave\u2019s tour of duty, repeat stereotypical notions of femininity. The women shown in the poster \u201c<em>Be a Cadet Nurse: The Girl with a Future<\/em>\u201d are meant to represent African Americans\u2013\u2013though they remain racially ambiguous\u2013\u2013and the title suggests that service as a Cadet Nurse offers a more productive future than they might otherwise have had.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-995f960e wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/wing_d769_597_h3_1947_pg_44_o2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"797\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/wing_d769_597_h3_1947_pg_44_o2-797x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-13804\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/wing_d769_597_h3_1947_pg_44_o2-797x1024.jpg 797w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/wing_d769_597_h3_1947_pg_44_o2-scaled-300x386.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/wing_d769_597_h3_1947_pg_44_o2-scaled-600x771.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/wing_d769_597_h3_1947_pg_44_o2-233x300.jpg 233w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/wing_d769_597_h3_1947_pg_44_o2-768x987.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/wing_d769_597_h3_1947_pg_44_o2-1195x1536.jpg 1195w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/wing_d769_597_h3_1947_pg_44_o2-1593x2048.jpg 1593w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/wing_d769_597_h3_1947_pg_44_o2-scaled.jpg 1992w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 797px) 100vw, 797px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/wing_d769_597_h3_1947_pg_44_o2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Eleanor L. Hart, &#8220;Getting to Work&#8221; in <em>While So Serving<\/em> (1947)<\/a> <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/case_wing_broadside_d743_25_h38_1942_no_14_o2\/case_wing_broadside_d743_25_h38_1942_no_08_o2.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"746\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_wing_broadside_d743_25_h38_1942_no_08_o2-746x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-13802\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_wing_broadside_d743_25_h38_1942_no_08_o2-746x1024.jpg 746w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_wing_broadside_d743_25_h38_1942_no_08_o2-scaled-300x412.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_wing_broadside_d743_25_h38_1942_no_08_o2-scaled-600x824.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_wing_broadside_d743_25_h38_1942_no_08_o2-218x300.jpg 218w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_wing_broadside_d743_25_h38_1942_no_08_o2-768x1055.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_wing_broadside_d743_25_h38_1942_no_08_o2-1118x1536.jpg 1118w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_wing_broadside_d743_25_h38_1942_no_08_o2-1491x2048.jpg 1491w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_wing_broadside_d743_25_h38_1942_no_08_o2-scaled.jpg 1864w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 746px) 100vw, 746px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/case_wing_broadside_d743_25_h38_1942_no_14_o2\/case_wing_broadside_d743_25_h38_1942_no_08_o2.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">James Hayes, &#8220;Be a Cadet Nurse&#8221; (1944)<\/a> <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Questions to Consider:<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>How does Rockwell show Rosie\u2019s confidence? How would you update the picture of \u201cRosie the Riveter\u201d for today\u2019s audience?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Are the women in the photograph shown in a positive light?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>If you or a relative were thinking about being a \u201cCadet Nurse,\u201d would the poster help persuade you?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Engaging the Enemy <\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/case_wing_broadside_d743_25_h38_1942_no_14_o2\/case_wing_broadside_d743_25_a64_1941_no_11_o2.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"795\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_wing_broadside_d743_25_a64_1941_no_11_o2-1024x795.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-13796\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_wing_broadside_d743_25_a64_1941_no_11_o2-1024x795.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_wing_broadside_d743_25_a64_1941_no_11_o2-300x233.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_wing_broadside_d743_25_a64_1941_no_11_o2-scaled-600x466.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_wing_broadside_d743_25_a64_1941_no_11_o2-768x596.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_wing_broadside_d743_25_a64_1941_no_11_o2-1536x1192.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_wing_broadside_d743_25_a64_1941_no_11_o2-2048x1589.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/case_wing_broadside_d743_25_h38_1942_no_14_o2\/case_wing_broadside_d743_25_a64_1941_no_11_o2.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Jean Carlu, &#8220;Give &#8216;Em Both Barrels&#8221; (1941)<\/a> <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">After the attack on Pearl Harbor, there was great anger and mistrust of the Japanese. Calls for retaliation appeared frequently in popular culture. The lyrics of traditional sheet music\u2014which could be played and sung in homes and concerts\u2014were sometimes bellicose, as in \u201cMow the Japs Down,\u201d which was written by a local Chicago high school.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/driscoll_bx_171_series_6_sheet_muisc_cover_009\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Selection: Students of Fort Vannoy School, &#8220;Mow the Japs Down!&#8221; (1944)<\/a><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow aligncenter\" data-effect=\"slide\"><div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_container swiper-container\"><ul class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_swiper-wrapper swiper-wrapper\"><li class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_slide swiper-slide\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"455\" height=\"600\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_image wp-image-13797\" data-id=\"13797\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/z491_d8_fc_w.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/z491_d8_fc_w.jpg 455w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/z491_d8_fc_w-300x396.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/z491_d8_fc_w-228x300.jpg 228w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 455px) 100vw, 455px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_caption gallery-caption\">Students of Fort Vannoy School, &#8220;Mow the Japs Down!&#8221; cover (1944)\n<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_slide swiper-slide\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"773\" height=\"1024\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_image wp-image-17558\" data-id=\"17558\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/z491_d8_pg_02_o2-773x1024.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/z491_d8_pg_02_o2-773x1024.jpg 773w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/z491_d8_pg_02_o2-scaled-300x398.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/z491_d8_pg_02_o2-scaled-600x795.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/z491_d8_pg_02_o2-226x300.jpg 226w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/z491_d8_pg_02_o2-768x1018.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/z491_d8_pg_02_o2-1159x1536.jpg 1159w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/z491_d8_pg_02_o2-1545x2048.jpg 1545w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/z491_d8_pg_02_o2-scaled.jpg 1931w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 773px) 100vw, 773px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_caption gallery-caption\">Students of Fort Vannoy School, &#8220;Mow the Japs Down!&#8221; 2 (1944)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_slide swiper-slide\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"779\" height=\"1024\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_image wp-image-17559\" data-id=\"17559\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/z491_d8_pg_03_o2-779x1024.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/z491_d8_pg_03_o2-779x1024.jpg 779w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/z491_d8_pg_03_o2-scaled-300x394.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/z491_d8_pg_03_o2-scaled-600x789.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/z491_d8_pg_03_o2-228x300.jpg 228w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/z491_d8_pg_03_o2-768x1010.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/z491_d8_pg_03_o2-1168x1536.jpg 1168w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/z491_d8_pg_03_o2-1558x2048.jpg 1558w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/z491_d8_pg_03_o2-scaled.jpg 1947w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 779px) 100vw, 779px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_caption gallery-caption\">Students of Fort Vannoy School, &#8220;Mow the Japs Down!&#8221; 3 (1944)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_slide swiper-slide\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"769\" height=\"1024\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_image wp-image-17557\" data-id=\"17557\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/z491_d8_bc_o2-769x1024.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/z491_d8_bc_o2-769x1024.jpg 769w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/z491_d8_bc_o2-scaled-300x400.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/z491_d8_bc_o2-scaled-600x799.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/z491_d8_bc_o2-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/z491_d8_bc_o2-768x1023.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/z491_d8_bc_o2-1153x1536.jpg 1153w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/z491_d8_bc_o2-1538x2048.jpg 1538w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/z491_d8_bc_o2-scaled.jpg 1922w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 769px) 100vw, 769px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_caption gallery-caption\">Students of Fort Vannoy School, &#8220;Mow the Japs Down!&#8221; back cover (1944)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><\/ul><a class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_button-prev swiper-button-prev swiper-button-white\" role=\"button\"><\/a><a class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_button-next swiper-button-next swiper-button-white\" role=\"button\"><\/a><a aria-label=\"Pause Slideshow\" class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_button-pause\" role=\"button\"><\/a><div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_pagination swiper-pagination swiper-pagination-white\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/f_941_016_pg_50_o2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"760\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/f_941_016_pg_50_o2-760x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-13803\" style=\"width:260px;height:350px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/f_941_016_pg_50_o2-760x1024.jpg 760w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/f_941_016_pg_50_o2-scaled-300x404.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/f_941_016_pg_50_o2-scaled-600x808.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/f_941_016_pg_50_o2-223x300.jpg 223w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/f_941_016_pg_50_o2-768x1034.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/f_941_016_pg_50_o2-1140x1536.jpg 1140w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/f_941_016_pg_50_o2-1521x2048.jpg 1521w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/f_941_016_pg_50_o2-scaled.jpg 1901w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 760px) 100vw, 760px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/f_941_016_pg_50_o2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ansel Adams, Born Free and Equal: Photographs of the Loyal Japanese-Americans at Manzanar Relocation Center, 50 (1942)<\/a> <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Most visual culture materials during the war focused on how to contribute to the war effort. In Jean Carlu\u2019s poster, \u201cGive \u2018Em Both Barrels,\u201d a man holds a rivet gun, used in manufacturing war vehicles (ships, tanks, and airplanes); it resembles the machine gun the soldier shoots below. One of the more artistic war-time posters\u2014Carlu was a French graphic designer\u2013\u2013the image and text suggest that factory production is just as effective as engaging the enemy on the battlefield.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Some people were ambivalent about the way the Japanese in this country were treated. The American western landscape photographer, Ansel Adams (1902-84), known for his lovely pictures of National Parks, made dignified portraits and internment camp pictures of Japanese Americans. Many of these people were legal citizens\u2014entire families in some cases\u2013\u2013who were removed from their homes in California after President Roosevelt\u2019s notorious Executive Order number 9006.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Questions to Consider:<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>How is the music \u201cMow the Japs Down\u201d like a school fight song? How is it not?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>How has Carlu used his art to make the point that manufacturing is just as effective as actually shooting at the enemy?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Do Adams\u2019 photographs generate pity for Japanese citizens or do they show how well they have adapted?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Legacy:  The Nuclear Age  <\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/ruggles_316_no_02_fig_075_o2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"415\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/ruggles_316_no_02_fig_075_w.jpg\" alt=\"The photographs in this government study show an obliterated city, but virtually none of the human casualties.\" class=\"wp-image-13790\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/ruggles_316_no_02_fig_075_w.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/ruggles_316_no_02_fig_075_w-300x208.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/ruggles_316_no_02_fig_075_o2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">US Army Corps of Engineers Manhattan District, &#8220;Hiroshima Panorama,&#8221; in <em>The Atomic Bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki<\/em>&#8221; (1946)<\/a> <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">When the war ended, the map of the world was different, millions were dead, and nuclear bombs had been invented and dropped. The Allies had swept east through Europe after the D-Day Landings (June, 1944); the Soviet Army attacked Germany from the west. The division by different nations of Germany\u2019s capitol, Berlin, reflected the mounting suspicion between the global superpowers of the Soviet Union and the US.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/wing_zp_983_w6318_plt_02_o2\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"464\" height=\"600\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/wing_zp_983_w6318_plt_02_w.jpg\" alt=\"Lawrence\u2019s images for Hersey\u2019s famous book are modern in style but effectively express the horror of nuclear war. Lawrence uses the style of advanced modern art to suggest the horrors of nuclear weapons being used on a civilian city.\" class=\"wp-image-13791\" style=\"width:270px;height:349px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/wing_zp_983_w6318_plt_02_w.jpg 464w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/wing_zp_983_w6318_plt_02_w-300x388.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/wing_zp_983_w6318_plt_02_w-232x300.jpg 232w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 464px) 100vw, 464px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/wing_zp_983_w6318_plt_02_o2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Painting by Jacob Lawrence in <em>Hiroshima <\/em>by John Hersey (1983) <\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Because nuclear weapons were new and not well understood, the American government sought to understand its devastating effects. The official report <em>The atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki<\/em> includes many maps and photos of the extraordinary devastation of the bomb to buildings and streets rather than to human victims. Images like this would often be reproduced in the years after the war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Published within months of the dropping of the atomic bomb on the city of Hiroshima on August 6th, 1945, Hersey\u2019s book <em>Hiroshima<\/em> (1946) tells the stories of six survivors, and gives readers a vivid account of the dire effects of nuclear war. The book was so popular that it has never gone out of print. The images in this later edition were made by Jacob Lawrence (1917-2000), an important African American modernist artist. Projects like this one demonstrate that artistic imaginings of the war were as powerful as documentary photographs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Questions to Consider:<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>How would you describe the devastation seen in the photograph?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>How do Lawrence\u2019s artworks of bomb victims differ from photographs? Are they more or less gruesome?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__nav-link\"><span class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__title-wrapper\"><a href=\"#\"><span class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__title\">Sources<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__tab-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__tab-content\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">News and Reporting on the War<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Many Americans experienced the war from a distance, relying on the popular media, including texts, illustrations, and photographs, as well as postcards to access news and information about the war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-995f960e wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/baskes_d743_2_g4_1944_pg_05_o2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"428\" height=\"600\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/baskes_d743_2_g4_1944_pg_05_w.jpg\" alt=\"Four photos- (clockwise): Allied leaders: Franklin D. Roosevelt (American President), Winston Churchill (British Prime Minister), Joseph Stalin (USSR), Chaing Kai Shek (Republic of China).\" class=\"wp-image-13795\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/baskes_d743_2_g4_1944_pg_05_w.jpg 428w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/baskes_d743_2_g4_1944_pg_05_w-300x421.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/baskes_d743_2_g4_1944_pg_05_w-214x300.jpg 214w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 428px) 100vw, 428px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/baskes_d743_2_g4_1944_pg_05_o2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">&#8220;This is War&#8221; in <em>Pictorial Review of World War Two<\/em> by Geographical Publishing Co. (1944)<\/a><br><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/a5_511_vol_09_Sept_1940_fc_w.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"442\" height=\"600\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/a5_511_vol_09_Sept_1940_fc_w.jpg\" alt=\"The picture of this wounded English child is from the Blitz\u2014when Germany was bombing civilian cities before America was involved in the war.\" class=\"wp-image-13793\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/a5_511_vol_09_Sept_1940_fc_w.jpg 442w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/a5_511_vol_09_Sept_1940_fc_w-300x407.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/a5_511_vol_09_Sept_1940_fc_w-221x300.jpg 221w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 442px) 100vw, 442px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/a5_511_vol_09_Sept_1940_fc_w.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">&#8220;Air-Raid Victim,&#8221; <em>Life <\/em>(September 9, 1940)<\/a><br><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/collections.carli.illinois.edu\/digital\/collection\/nby_teich\/id\/7775\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"512\" height=\"378\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/collections.carli_.illinois.edu_.jpg\" alt=\"Colorful postcard of three soldiers. Humorous postcards like this were a fun but important way of keeping in touch.\" class=\"wp-image-13792\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/collections.carli_.illinois.edu_.jpg 512w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/collections.carli_.illinois.edu_-300x221.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/collections.carli.illinois.edu\/digital\/collection\/nby_teich\/id\/7775\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ray Walters, &#8220;USA-17,&#8221; Curt Teich Postcard Collection (1941)<\/a><br><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Representations of the Soldier and the Enemy<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Much of the popular visual culture of the WWII era revolved around depictions of U.S. servicemen and the diverse populations serving in the military, including Native Americans and Africans Americans, creating illustrations that commented on and supported the war effort. Similarly, other materials demonstrate how the Japanese were portrayed as a common enemy and the consequences for Japanese Americans. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-995f960e wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/wing_nd_212_a2254_1944_001_o2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2560\" height=\"2002\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/wing_nd_212_a2254_1944_001_o2-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"Image of a fighter pilot in the sky. Private companies sometimes sponsored artists to create vivid pictures of the military in action.\" class=\"wp-image-13811\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/wing_nd_212_a2254_1944_001_o2-scaled.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/wing_nd_212_a2254_1944_001_o2-scaled-300x235.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/wing_nd_212_a2254_1944_001_o2-scaled-600x469.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/wing_nd_212_a2254_1944_001_o2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">&#8220;The Man in the Rear Seat&#8221; in <em>Our Flying Navy in Action<\/em> by Abbott Laboratories (1944)<\/a><br><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/f_1232_165_pg_58_o2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/f_1232_165_pg_58_o2-scaled-e1619624406895-768x1024.jpg\" alt=\"In this patriotic political cartoon, the group of surnames spilling out from the pot is meant to indicate the multi-ethnic make-up of the military.\" class=\"wp-image-13789\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/f_1232_165_pg_58_o2-scaled-e1619624406895-768x1024.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/f_1232_165_pg_58_o2-scaled-e1619624406895-300x400.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/f_1232_165_pg_58_o2-scaled-e1619624406895-600x800.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/f_1232_165_pg_58_o2-scaled-e1619624406895-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/f_1232_165_pg_58_o2-scaled-e1619624406895-1152x1536.jpg 1152w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/f_1232_165_pg_58_o2-scaled-e1619624406895.jpg 1209w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/f_1232_165_pg_58_o2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">John T. McCutcheon, &#8220;The Melting Pot has Fused its Metal&#8221; (March 6, 1942)<\/a><br><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/ruggles_255_pg_68_o2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1828\" height=\"2437\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/ruggles_255_pg_68_o2-scaled-edited.jpg\" alt=\"Mauldin was a soldier and illustrator whose cartoons made light of the experiences of combat soldiers.\" class=\"wp-image-23168\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/ruggles_255_pg_68_o2-scaled-edited.jpg 1828w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/ruggles_255_pg_68_o2-scaled-edited-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/ruggles_255_pg_68_o2-scaled-edited-768x1024.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/ruggles_255_pg_68_o2-scaled-edited-1152x1536.jpg 1152w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/ruggles_255_pg_68_o2-scaled-edited-1536x2048.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1828px) 100vw, 1828px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/ruggles_255_pg_68_o2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Bill Mauldin, <em>Up Front<\/em>, 68 (1945)<\/a><br><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-995f960e wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/ayer_244_9_a7_u57_1945_tp_o2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"802\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/ayer_244_9_a7_u57_1945_tp_o2-802x1024.jpg\" alt=\"Image of a Native American shooting a bow. Horses in the background. \" class=\"wp-image-13809\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/ayer_244_9_a7_u57_1945_tp_o2-802x1024.jpg 802w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/ayer_244_9_a7_u57_1945_tp_o2-scaled-300x383.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/ayer_244_9_a7_u57_1945_tp_o2-scaled-600x766.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/ayer_244_9_a7_u57_1945_tp_o2-235x300.jpg 235w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/ayer_244_9_a7_u57_1945_tp_o2-768x980.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/ayer_244_9_a7_u57_1945_tp_o2-1203x1536.jpg 1203w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/ayer_244_9_a7_u57_1945_tp_o2-1604x2048.jpg 1604w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/ayer_244_9_a7_u57_1945_tp_o2-scaled.jpg 2005w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 802px) 100vw, 802px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/ayer_244_9_a7_u57_1945_tp_o2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Bureau of Indian Affairs, <em>Indians in the War <\/em>(1945)<\/a><br><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/h_31837_715_no_71_pg_03_o2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1507\" height=\"2260\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/h_31837_715_no_71_pg_03_o2-scaled-edited-1.jpg\" alt=\"This wartime pamphlet seeks to understand African Americans\u2019 participation in the war and why they might feel aggrieved.\" class=\"wp-image-23169\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/h_31837_715_no_71_pg_03_o2-scaled-edited-1.jpg 1507w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/h_31837_715_no_71_pg_03_o2-scaled-edited-1-200x300.jpg 200w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/h_31837_715_no_71_pg_03_o2-scaled-edited-1-683x1024.jpg 683w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/h_31837_715_no_71_pg_03_o2-scaled-edited-1-768x1152.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/h_31837_715_no_71_pg_03_o2-scaled-edited-1-1024x1536.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/h_31837_715_no_71_pg_03_o2-scaled-edited-1-1366x2048.jpg 1366w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1507px) 100vw, 1507px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/h_31837_715_no_71_pg_03_o2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Earl Louis Brown, <em>The Negro and the War<\/em>, 3 (1942)<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/case_wing_broadside_d743_25_h38_1942_no_14_o2\/case_wing_broadside_d743_25_a64_1941_no_11_o2.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"795\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_wing_broadside_d743_25_a64_1941_no_11_o2-1024x795.jpg\" alt=\"Yellow background. Two men holding assault weapons. Carlu\u2019s stylish poster equates manufacturing with battlefield fighting.\" class=\"wp-image-13796\" style=\"width:215px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_wing_broadside_d743_25_a64_1941_no_11_o2-1024x795.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_wing_broadside_d743_25_a64_1941_no_11_o2-300x233.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_wing_broadside_d743_25_a64_1941_no_11_o2-scaled-600x466.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_wing_broadside_d743_25_a64_1941_no_11_o2-768x596.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_wing_broadside_d743_25_a64_1941_no_11_o2-1536x1192.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_wing_broadside_d743_25_a64_1941_no_11_o2-2048x1589.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/case_wing_broadside_d743_25_h38_1942_no_14_o2\/case_wing_broadside_d743_25_a64_1941_no_11_o2.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Jean Carlu, &#8220;Give &#8217;em Both Barrels&#8221; (1941)<\/a><br><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-995f960e wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/driscoll_bx_171_series_6_sheet_muisc_cover_009\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"455\" height=\"600\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/z491_d8_fc_w.jpg\" alt=\"Red, white, and blue sheet music cover. Patriotic sheet music like this sometimes called for revenge after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, which brought the U.S. into the war.\" class=\"wp-image-13797\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/z491_d8_fc_w.jpg 455w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/z491_d8_fc_w-300x396.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/z491_d8_fc_w-228x300.jpg 228w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 455px) 100vw, 455px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/driscoll_bx_171_series_6_sheet_muisc_cover_009\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Students of Fort Vannoy School, &#8220;Mow the Japs Down!&#8221; cover (1944)<\/a><br><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/f_941_016_pg_50_o2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"760\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/f_941_016_pg_50_o2-760x1024.jpg\" alt=\"Photographer Ansel Adams\u2019 book Born Free and Equal: The Story of Loyal Japanese-Americans shows how the Japanese lived in detention camps during the war.\" class=\"wp-image-13803\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/f_941_016_pg_50_o2-760x1024.jpg 760w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/f_941_016_pg_50_o2-scaled-300x404.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/f_941_016_pg_50_o2-scaled-600x808.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/f_941_016_pg_50_o2-223x300.jpg 223w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/f_941_016_pg_50_o2-768x1034.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/f_941_016_pg_50_o2-1140x1536.jpg 1140w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/f_941_016_pg_50_o2-1521x2048.jpg 1521w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/f_941_016_pg_50_o2-scaled.jpg 1901w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 760px) 100vw, 760px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/f_941_016_pg_50_o2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ansel Adams, <em>Born Free and Equal: Photographs of the Loyal Japanese-Americans at Manzanar Relocation Center<\/em>, 50 (1942)<\/a><br><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Homefront<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Images like these ones from popular pictorial magazines urged people to help in the war effort by participating in rationing and food conservation, purchasing war bonds, and sending their family members to serve in the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-995f960e wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/case_a5_706_vol_218_nov_24_1945_fc_o2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"883\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_a5_706_vol_218_nov_24_1945_fc_o2-883x1024.jpg\" alt=\"A soldier with an elderly lady preparing a meal. The illustrator Norman Rockwell made several paintings that were printed as the cover of the popular magazine Saturday Evening Post.\" class=\"wp-image-13808\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_a5_706_vol_218_nov_24_1945_fc_o2-883x1024.jpg 883w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_a5_706_vol_218_nov_24_1945_fc_o2-scaled-300x348.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_a5_706_vol_218_nov_24_1945_fc_o2-scaled-600x696.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_a5_706_vol_218_nov_24_1945_fc_o2-259x300.jpg 259w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_a5_706_vol_218_nov_24_1945_fc_o2-768x891.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_a5_706_vol_218_nov_24_1945_fc_o2-1324x1536.jpg 1324w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_a5_706_vol_218_nov_24_1945_fc_o2-1765x2048.jpg 1765w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 883px) 100vw, 883px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/case_a5_706_vol_218_nov_24_1945_fc_o2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Norman Rockwell, &#8220;Thanksgiving&#8221; in the <em>Saturday Evening Post<\/em> (November 24, 1945)<\/a><br><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/case_wing_broadside_d743_25_h38_1942_no_14_o2\/case_wing_broadside_d743_25_h38_1942_no_14_o2.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"806\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_wing_broadside_d743_25_h38_1942_no_14_o2-806x1024.jpg\" alt=\"Poster of a family planting and harvesting from a garden. Americans were encouraged by the government to plant \u201cVictory Gardens,\u201d home plots that produced family food.\" class=\"wp-image-13805\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_wing_broadside_d743_25_h38_1942_no_14_o2-806x1024.jpg 806w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_wing_broadside_d743_25_h38_1942_no_14_o2-scaled-300x381.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_wing_broadside_d743_25_h38_1942_no_14_o2-scaled-600x762.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_wing_broadside_d743_25_h38_1942_no_14_o2-236x300.jpg 236w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_wing_broadside_d743_25_h38_1942_no_14_o2-768x975.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_wing_broadside_d743_25_h38_1942_no_14_o2-1210x1536.jpg 1210w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_wing_broadside_d743_25_h38_1942_no_14_o2-1613x2048.jpg 1613w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_wing_broadside_d743_25_h38_1942_no_14_o2-scaled.jpg 2016w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 806px) 100vw, 806px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/case_wing_broadside_d743_25_h38_1942_no_14_o2\/case_wing_broadside_d743_25_h38_1942_no_14_o2.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">James Hayes,&#8221;Plant a Victory Garden,&#8221; 1942<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/case_wing_broadside_d743_25_h38_1942_no_14_o2\/case_wing_broadside_d743_25_h38_1942_no_33_o2.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"720\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_wing_broadside_d743_25_h38_1942_no_33_o2-720x1024.jpg\" alt=\"Poster of a young boy crying. The government produced sentimental posters like this to encourage Americans to buy war bonds that helped fund the war.\" class=\"wp-image-13806\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_wing_broadside_d743_25_h38_1942_no_33_o2-720x1024.jpg 720w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_wing_broadside_d743_25_h38_1942_no_33_o2-scaled-300x426.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_wing_broadside_d743_25_h38_1942_no_33_o2-scaled-600x853.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_wing_broadside_d743_25_h38_1942_no_33_o2-211x300.jpg 211w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_wing_broadside_d743_25_h38_1942_no_33_o2-768x1092.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_wing_broadside_d743_25_h38_1942_no_33_o2-1081x1536.jpg 1081w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_wing_broadside_d743_25_h38_1942_no_33_o2-1441x2048.jpg 1441w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_wing_broadside_d743_25_h38_1942_no_33_o2-scaled.jpg 1801w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/case_wing_broadside_d743_25_h38_1942_no_14_o2\/case_wing_broadside_d743_25_h38_1942_no_33_o2.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">James Hayes, &#8220;Buy War Bonds&#8221; (1942)<\/a><br><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Gender and War Culture<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Images like &#8220;Rosie the Riveter,&#8221; &#8220;Getting to Work,&#8221; and &#8220;Be a Cadet Nurse&#8221; depicted the women who made contributions to the war effort working in roles previously reserved for men and serving in noncombat positions in the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-995f960e wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_773651-3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"841\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_a5_706_vol_215_may_29_1943_fc_o2-841x1024.jpg\" alt=\"Painting of a white woman wearing blue work overalls and goggles on her forehead. She sits on a box while eating a sandwich. A riveter tool lays across her lap, and her feet rest on a copy of Mein Kampf. The background is in American flag.\" class=\"wp-image-13794\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_a5_706_vol_215_may_29_1943_fc_o2-841x1024.jpg 841w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_a5_706_vol_215_may_29_1943_fc_o2-scaled-300x365.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_a5_706_vol_215_may_29_1943_fc_o2-scaled-600x731.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_a5_706_vol_215_may_29_1943_fc_o2-246x300.jpg 246w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_a5_706_vol_215_may_29_1943_fc_o2-768x935.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_a5_706_vol_215_may_29_1943_fc_o2-1261x1536.jpg 1261w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_a5_706_vol_215_may_29_1943_fc_o2-1682x2048.jpg 1682w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 841px) 100vw, 841px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_773651-3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Norman Rockwell, &#8220;Rosie the Riveter,&#8221; in <em>Saturday Evening Post<\/em> (May 29, 1943)<\/a><br><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/wing_d769_597_h3_1947_pg_44_o2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"797\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/wing_d769_597_h3_1947_pg_44_o2-797x1024.jpg\" alt=\"Photo of a woman and a man on a ship. Women serving in non-combat positions in the Navy were called \u201cWAVES.\" class=\"wp-image-13804\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/wing_d769_597_h3_1947_pg_44_o2-797x1024.jpg 797w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/wing_d769_597_h3_1947_pg_44_o2-scaled-300x386.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/wing_d769_597_h3_1947_pg_44_o2-scaled-600x771.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/wing_d769_597_h3_1947_pg_44_o2-233x300.jpg 233w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/wing_d769_597_h3_1947_pg_44_o2-768x987.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/wing_d769_597_h3_1947_pg_44_o2-1195x1536.jpg 1195w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/wing_d769_597_h3_1947_pg_44_o2-1593x2048.jpg 1593w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/wing_d769_597_h3_1947_pg_44_o2-scaled.jpg 1992w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 797px) 100vw, 797px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/wing_d769_597_h3_1947_pg_44_o2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Eleanor L. Hart, &#8220;Getting to Work&#8221; in <em>While So Serving <\/em>(1947)<\/a><br><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/case_wing_broadside_d743_25_h38_1942_no_14_o2\/case_wing_broadside_d743_25_h38_1942_no_08_o2.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"746\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_wing_broadside_d743_25_h38_1942_no_08_o2-746x1024.jpg\" alt=\"Poster of two cadet nurses in uniform. Government recruiting posters appealed to women to serve in the military as a career option.\" class=\"wp-image-13802\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_wing_broadside_d743_25_h38_1942_no_08_o2-746x1024.jpg 746w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_wing_broadside_d743_25_h38_1942_no_08_o2-scaled-300x412.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_wing_broadside_d743_25_h38_1942_no_08_o2-scaled-600x824.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_wing_broadside_d743_25_h38_1942_no_08_o2-218x300.jpg 218w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_wing_broadside_d743_25_h38_1942_no_08_o2-768x1055.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_wing_broadside_d743_25_h38_1942_no_08_o2-1118x1536.jpg 1118w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_wing_broadside_d743_25_h38_1942_no_08_o2-1491x2048.jpg 1491w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_wing_broadside_d743_25_h38_1942_no_08_o2-scaled.jpg 1864w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 746px) 100vw, 746px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/case_wing_broadside_d743_25_h38_1942_no_14_o2\/case_wing_broadside_d743_25_h38_1942_no_08_o2.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">James Hayes, &#8220;Be a Cadet Nurse&#8221; (1944)<\/a><br><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Aftermath and the Nuclear Age<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">After the end of the war, images produced by the American government, writers, and artists showed the effects of the atomic bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, capturing the devastation and the beginning of a world redefined by the invention of nuclear weapons. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-995f960e wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/ruggles_316_no_02_fig_075_o2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"415\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/ruggles_316_no_02_fig_075_w.jpg\" alt=\"The photographs in this government study show an obliterated city, but virtually none of the human casualties.\" class=\"wp-image-13790\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/ruggles_316_no_02_fig_075_w.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/ruggles_316_no_02_fig_075_w-300x208.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/ruggles_316_no_02_fig_075_o2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">US Army Corps of Engineers Manhattan District, &#8220;Hiroshima Panorama,&#8221; <em>The Atomic Bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki<\/em> (1946)<\/a><br><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/wing_zp_983_w6318_plt_02_o2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"464\" height=\"600\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/wing_zp_983_w6318_plt_02_w.jpg\" alt=\"Lawrence\u2019s images for Hersey\u2019s famous book are modern in style but effectively express the horror of nuclear war. Lawrence uses the style of advanced modern art to suggest the horrors of nuclear weapons being used on a civilian city.\" class=\"wp-image-13791\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/wing_zp_983_w6318_plt_02_w.jpg 464w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/wing_zp_983_w6318_plt_02_w-300x388.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/wing_zp_983_w6318_plt_02_w-232x300.jpg 232w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 464px) 100vw, 464px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/wing_zp_983_w6318_plt_02_o2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Painting by Jacob Lawrence in <em>Hiroshima<\/em> by John Hersey (1983)<\/a><br><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__nav-link\"><span class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__title-wrapper\"><a href=\"#\"><span class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__title\">Further Reading<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__tab-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__tab-content\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Further Reading<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dawn Ades (et al.). <em>Art and Power: Europe under the Dictators, 1930-1945<\/em>. 1995.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Monica Bohm-Duchen, Monica. <em>Art and the Second World War<\/em>. 2013.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Julie Brock, Jennifer Dickie, Richard Harker, <em>Beyond Rosie: A Documentary History of Women and World War II<\/em>. 2015.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Robert Henkes. <em>World War II in American Art<\/em>. 2001.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Andrew J. Huebner. <em>The Warrior Image: American Culture from the Second World War to Viet Nam<\/em>. 2008.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">George Roeder, Jr.&nbsp;<em>The Censored War: American Visual Experience During World War Two<\/em>. 1995.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>The Stars and Stripes: Newspaper of the U.S. Armed Forces in the European Theater of Operations<\/em>. Newberry Library\u2019s holdings: May 17, 1943\u2013Oct.&nbsp;13, 1945.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__nav-link\"><span class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__title-wrapper\"><a href=\"#\"><span class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__title\">Related Resources<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__tab-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__tab-content\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Related Lessons<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-995f960e wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/?p=19440\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"450\" height=\"509\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/WWII-US-Visual-Culture-Thumbnail.png\" alt=\"Thumbnail for the activity World War II and US Visual Culture\" class=\"wp-image-22592\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/WWII-US-Visual-Culture-Thumbnail.png 450w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/WWII-US-Visual-Culture-Thumbnail-265x300.png 265w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 450px) 100vw, 450px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/?p=19440\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Activity: World War II and US Visual Culture by Mark Pohlad, PhD<\/strong><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>How did the popular media document the people and activities of the homefront and the battlefront?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":13811,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[84,164],"tags":[167,165],"class_list":["post-14366","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-20th-century","category-collection-essays","tag-arts","tag-us-history"],"blocksy_meta":{"styles_descriptor":{"styles":{"desktop":"","tablet":"","mobile":""},"google_fonts":[],"version":8}},"acf":[],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/wing_nd_212_a2254_1944_001_o2-scaled.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14366","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=14366"}],"version-history":[{"count":40,"href":"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14366\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":24403,"href":"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14366\/revisions\/24403"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/13811"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=14366"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=14366"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=14366"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}