{"id":14385,"date":"2018-06-14T16:34:34","date_gmt":"2018-06-14T16:34:34","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/173.230.141.246\/dcc\/wpdemo\/?p=14385"},"modified":"2025-06-05T15:51:50","modified_gmt":"2025-06-05T15:51:50","slug":"the_inquisition","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/?p=14385","title":{"rendered":"The Inquisition"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs\" data-active-tab=\"0\"><ul class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__nav-links\"><\/ul>\n<div class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__nav-link\"><span class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__title-wrapper\"><a href=\"#\"><span class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__title\">Essay<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__tab-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__tab-content\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Introduction<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_358198-2\/case_6a_209_pg_684_691_detail_o2.jpg\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"689\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/case_6a_209_pg_684_691_detail_o2-1024x689.jpg\" alt=\"Detail of a two-page spread of printed text, all of which has been crossed out and made unreadable\" class=\"wp-image-20749\" style=\"width:340px;height:228px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/case_6a_209_pg_684_691_detail_o2-1024x689.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/case_6a_209_pg_684_691_detail_o2-300x202.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/case_6a_209_pg_684_691_detail_o2-scaled-600x404.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/case_6a_209_pg_684_691_detail_o2-768x516.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/case_6a_209_pg_684_691_detail_o2-1536x1033.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/case_6a_209_pg_684_691_detail_o2-2048x1377.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_358198-2\/case_6a_209_pg_684_691_detail_o2.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">A censored copy of Erasmus, Adages, 684-691, detail (1542). <\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">From movies to metal bands to Monty Python (\u201cNobody expects the Spanish Inquisition!\u201d), the Holy Office of the Inquisition has retained a powerful place in popular imagination. For many, this image is of a shadowy, malevolent force of repression and violence, one of the most notorious legacies of premodern European society. Without question, the Inquisition exacted a terrible toll: from the 15th to the 19th centuries, tens of thousands of people \u2013 many of them Jews \u2013 were executed after being condemned by the Inquisition, and hundreds of thousands more were prosecuted, imprisoned, and impoverished.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">However, the story behind the Inquisition \u2013 its origins, its methods, and its impacts \u2013 is more complex than its popular legend. Originally established in the 13th century to combat heretical groups in France and Germany, the Inquisition only became a sophisticated, global operation in the early modern period. Starting with the Spanish Inquisition\u2019s increasing prosecution of converted Jews in 1478, the Inquisition was tasked with managing the Roman Church\u2019s response to a rapidly changing world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Not surprisingly, the Inquisition was not the same everywhere. The three official offices of the Inquisition \u2013 in Spain, Portugal, and Rome \u2013 were established at different times for different purposes, and to varying degrees of success. The legend of the Inquisition has obscured how these national Inquisitions did their work, why they took the actions that they did, and how their enemies in Protestant lands helped ensure their lasting legacy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The documents and images below provide a broad overview of the Inquisition, both its reality and its legend. Together, they will help explain how the paragon of premodern intolerance was, in many ways, accidentally shaped by larger cultural forces \u2013 religious change, the development of print culture, and the creation of a global society \u2013 that helped transform the medieval world into the modern one.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Please keep the following questions in mind as you review the documents:<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>How is the Inquisition defining \u201cheresy\u201d in these documents? How, if at all, does the definition of this term change over time?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>What was the intended audience for each of the documents produced below? What clues in the documents themselves help you answer this question?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>What factors beyond religion (politics, economics, social issues, etc.) could help explain why the early modern Inquisitions took the actions they did?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Inquisition Expands<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Inquisition gained a greater degree of urgency in the early 16th century, when Martin Luther led the most powerful challenge to the Roman Church\u2019s spiritual authority in a millennium. Luther advocated for a different approach to salvation \u2013 through faith, the reading of Scripture, and the end of Rome\u2019s authority over church practice and belief \u2013 that found widespread approval and support. His chief weapon in this effort was the printing press, which, he realized, was able to bring his ideas to a large audience quickly. Luther launched a carefully coordinated mass media campaign against the Roman church, producing a range of printed works using every possible method of reaching out to the general public. Many of these works were written in German, which brought his ideas to a much larger audience. The important pamphlet <em>Address to the German Nobility<\/em>, for example, was designed to recruit the German princes to Luther\u2019s spiritual cause. This pamphlet was written to counteract the papacy&#8217;s recent condemnation of Luther as a heretic. In it, Luther implored German nobles to defy the authority of the pope and reform the Church on their own.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_516767\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"697\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_c_64_533_sig_c2v_c3r_o2-1024x697.jpg\" alt=\"Two-page spread of German in blackletter font.\" class=\"wp-image-13969\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_c_64_533_sig_c2v_c3r_o2-1024x697.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_c_64_533_sig_c2v_c3r_o2-300x204.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_c_64_533_sig_c2v_c3r_o2-scaled-600x408.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_c_64_533_sig_c2v_c3r_o2-768x523.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_c_64_533_sig_c2v_c3r_o2-1536x1045.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_c_64_533_sig_c2v_c3r_o2-2048x1394.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_516767\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Martin Luther, &#8220;Address to the German Nobility&#8221; (1520)<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-getwid-toggle has-icon-left\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-getwid-toggle__row\"><div class=\"wp-block-getwid-toggle__header-wrapper\"><span class=\"wp-block-getwid-toggle__header\"><a href=\"#\"><span class=\"wp-block-getwid-toggle__header-title\"><strong>Translation of Underlined Section from &#8220;Address to the German Nobility&#8221;<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"wp-block-getwid-toggle__icon is-active\"><i class=\"fas fa-plus\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"wp-block-getwid-toggle__icon is-passive\"><i class=\"fas fa-minus\"><\/i><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-getwid-toggle__content-wrapper\"><div class=\"wp-block-getwid-toggle__content\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Therefore let us awake, dear Germans, and fear God more than people, so we don\u2019t join all the poor souls who are so wretchedly lost through the villainously diabolical rule of the Romans, in which the Devil increases more and more every day, so that it is possible that such hellish rule could become even worse, which I can hardly comprehend or believe.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Translated by Andrew Schwenk, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign&nbsp;(2022)<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_519559\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"745\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_c_7582_528_tp_02_o2-745x1024.jpg\" alt=\"Woodcut print image showing a huge beast opening its mouth to devour the Pope who is sitting on the papal throne. He is surrounded by demons, one of which holds the papal crown above his head.\" class=\"wp-image-13970\" style=\"width:292px;height:401px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_c_7582_528_tp_02_o2-745x1024.jpg 745w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_c_7582_528_tp_02_o2-scaled-300x412.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_c_7582_528_tp_02_o2-scaled-600x824.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_c_7582_528_tp_02_o2-218x300.jpg 218w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_c_7582_528_tp_02_o2-768x1055.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_c_7582_528_tp_02_o2-1118x1536.jpg 1118w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_c_7582_528_tp_02_o2-1490x2048.jpg 1490w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_c_7582_528_tp_02_o2-scaled.jpg 1863w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 745px) 100vw, 745px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_519559\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Martin Luther, &#8220;Against the Papacy in Rome Founded by the Devil&#8221; (1545)<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Many of these works also used images to attack his Catholic opponents, such as this striking woodcut of an enthroned pope being swallowed by the mouth of hell in his pamphlet, &#8220;Against the Papacy in Rome Founded by the Devil.&#8221; This pamphlet appeared one year before Luther&#8217;s death and represented his final great polemical attack on the Roman Church. By now, Luther&#8217;s argument retained its focus on the inherently demonic nature of the papacy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Questions to Consider:<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Why do you think Luther wrote so many of his works in German? How might this have helped him achieve his spiritual goals? Why do you think the Roman Church would see that as a problem?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>What do you see on the pages of <em>Address to the German Nobility<\/em> that gives a sense of how this pamphlet was read? What clues do the annotations offer about whether the owner agreed or disagreed with Luther?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>What message is Luther sending with this image? Why would Luther want images like this to be an important part of his publication style?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Inquisition and Print<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">When Catholics finally mobilized a concerted effort against spread of Protestantism in the mid-16th century, the newly-constituted Roman Inquisition played a leading role. Inquisitors were convinced that controlling the printing industry was essential to their work. Throughout Italy, Spain, and the Low Countries, they prosecuted not only authors of Protestant books, pamphlets, and broadsides, but also anyone who printed, sold, and owned them. Catholic authorities circulated lists of officially banned authors and books so that printers and the general public would be aware of them. These lists were later subsumed in 1559 by the first <em>Index of Prohibited Books<\/em>, an official catalog of dangerous literature that also included guidelines for pre-publication censorship and the regulation of the printing industry. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_858955\/case_bx_830_1545_a2_1568_book_02_pg_30_o2.jpg\" target=\"_blank\"><em>Index of Prohibited Books<\/em>, 30, 49 (1568)<\/a><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow aligncenter\" data-effect=\"slide\"><div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_container swiper-container\"><ul class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_swiper-wrapper swiper-wrapper\"><li class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_slide swiper-slide\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"627\" height=\"1024\" alt=\"Single page of printed text in Latin.\" class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_image wp-image-13971\" data-id=\"13971\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_bx_830_1545_a2_1568_book_02_pg_30_o2-627x1024.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_bx_830_1545_a2_1568_book_02_pg_30_o2-627x1024.jpg 627w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_bx_830_1545_a2_1568_book_02_pg_30_o2-scaled-300x490.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_bx_830_1545_a2_1568_book_02_pg_30_o2-scaled-600x980.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_bx_830_1545_a2_1568_book_02_pg_30_o2-184x300.jpg 184w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_bx_830_1545_a2_1568_book_02_pg_30_o2-768x1254.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_bx_830_1545_a2_1568_book_02_pg_30_o2-941x1536.jpg 941w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_bx_830_1545_a2_1568_book_02_pg_30_o2-1254x2048.jpg 1254w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_bx_830_1545_a2_1568_book_02_pg_30_o2-scaled.jpg 1568w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 627px) 100vw, 627px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_caption gallery-caption\">Index of Prohibited Books, Book 2, 30 (1568)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_slide swiper-slide\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"675\" height=\"1024\" alt=\"Single page of printed text in Latin\" class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_image wp-image-20751\" data-id=\"20751\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/case_bx_830_1545_a2_1568_book_02_pg_49_o2-675x1024.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/case_bx_830_1545_a2_1568_book_02_pg_49_o2-675x1024.jpg 675w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/case_bx_830_1545_a2_1568_book_02_pg_49_o2-scaled-300x455.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/case_bx_830_1545_a2_1568_book_02_pg_49_o2-scaled-600x910.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/case_bx_830_1545_a2_1568_book_02_pg_49_o2-198x300.jpg 198w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/case_bx_830_1545_a2_1568_book_02_pg_49_o2-768x1165.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/case_bx_830_1545_a2_1568_book_02_pg_49_o2-1013x1536.jpg 1013w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/case_bx_830_1545_a2_1568_book_02_pg_49_o2-1351x2048.jpg 1351w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/case_bx_830_1545_a2_1568_book_02_pg_49_o2-scaled.jpg 1688w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 675px) 100vw, 675px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_caption gallery-caption\">Index of Prohibited Books, Book 2, 49 (1568) <\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><\/ul><a class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_button-prev swiper-button-prev swiper-button-white\" role=\"button\"><\/a><a class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_button-next swiper-button-next swiper-button-white\" role=\"button\"><\/a><a aria-label=\"Pause Slideshow\" class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_button-pause\" role=\"button\"><\/a><div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_pagination swiper-pagination swiper-pagination-white\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The 1559 <em>Index<\/em> was replaced by the revised <em>Tridentine Index<\/em>, which appeared ub 1564, after the Council of Tret. The copy above, published in Belgium, was one of many new editions of this index published in 1668. In addition to Protestant authors like Luther, the <em>Index<\/em> targeted books that were only partially problematic, clarifying which portions should be avoided. The owner of this copy of Erasmus\u2019s popular <em>Adages<\/em> took this advice to heart, and dutifully crossed and cut out the \u201cerroneous\u201d material in the book. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_358198-2\/case_6a_209_pg_683_o2.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Censored Copy of Erasmus, <em>Adages<\/em>, 683, 684-691<\/a><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow aligncenter\" data-effect=\"slide\"><div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_container swiper-container\"><ul class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_swiper-wrapper swiper-wrapper\"><li class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_slide swiper-slide\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"760\" height=\"1024\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_image wp-image-13972\" data-id=\"13972\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_6a_209_pg_683_o2-760x1024.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_6a_209_pg_683_o2-760x1024.jpg 760w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_6a_209_pg_683_o2-scaled-300x404.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_6a_209_pg_683_o2-scaled-600x808.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_6a_209_pg_683_o2-223x300.jpg 223w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_6a_209_pg_683_o2-768x1034.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_6a_209_pg_683_o2-1140x1536.jpg 1140w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_6a_209_pg_683_o2-1521x2048.jpg 1521w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_6a_209_pg_683_o2-scaled.jpg 1901w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 760px) 100vw, 760px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_caption gallery-caption\">Censored copy of Erasmus, Adages, 683 (1542)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_slide swiper-slide\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"711\" alt=\"Two-page spread of printed text, all of which is crossed out to make it unreadable.\" class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_image wp-image-20750\" data-id=\"20750\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/case_6a_209_pg_684_691_o2-1024x711.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/case_6a_209_pg_684_691_o2-1024x711.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/case_6a_209_pg_684_691_o2-300x208.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/case_6a_209_pg_684_691_o2-scaled-600x417.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/case_6a_209_pg_684_691_o2-768x534.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/case_6a_209_pg_684_691_o2-1536x1067.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/case_6a_209_pg_684_691_o2-2048x1423.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_caption gallery-caption\">Censored copy of Erasmus, Adages, 684-691 (1542)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_slide swiper-slide\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"689\" alt=\"Detail of a two-page spread of printed text, all of which has been crossed out and made unreadable\" class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_image wp-image-20749\" data-id=\"20749\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/case_6a_209_pg_684_691_detail_o2-1024x689.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/case_6a_209_pg_684_691_detail_o2-1024x689.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/case_6a_209_pg_684_691_detail_o2-300x202.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/case_6a_209_pg_684_691_detail_o2-scaled-600x404.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/case_6a_209_pg_684_691_detail_o2-768x516.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/case_6a_209_pg_684_691_detail_o2-1536x1033.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/case_6a_209_pg_684_691_detail_o2-2048x1377.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_caption gallery-caption\">Censored copy of Erasmus, Adages, 684-691, detail (1542)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><\/ul><a class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_button-prev swiper-button-prev swiper-button-white\" role=\"button\"><\/a><a class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_button-next swiper-button-next swiper-button-white\" role=\"button\"><\/a><a aria-label=\"Pause Slideshow\" class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_button-pause\" role=\"button\"><\/a><div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_pagination swiper-pagination swiper-pagination-white\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_383159\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"767\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_4a_876_tp_01_o2-767x1024.jpg\" alt=\"Drawing of three older white men standing in semicircle having a discussion. Two of the men hold small machines like handheld astronomical instruments. In the background is a large sailing ship. Above them is a banner with the title of the book.\" class=\"wp-image-13973\" style=\"width:305px;height:406px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_4a_876_tp_01_o2-767x1024.jpg 767w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_4a_876_tp_01_o2-scaled-300x401.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_4a_876_tp_01_o2-scaled-600x802.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_4a_876_tp_01_o2-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_4a_876_tp_01_o2-768x1026.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_4a_876_tp_01_o2-1150x1536.jpg 1150w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_4a_876_tp_01_o2-1533x2048.jpg 1533w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_4a_876_tp_01_o2-scaled.jpg 1916w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 767px) 100vw, 767px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_383159\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Galileo Galilei, <em>Dialogue of Galileo Galilei\u2026on the Two Greatest World Systems<\/em>, title page (1632)<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The <em>Adages <\/em>contained proverbs from classical authors alongside discussions and witty essays. The note in the margin on page 683 translates to &#8220;all the way to the end,&#8221; indicating how much of this section needed to be excised.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">By the 17th century, authors in Catholic lands had to consult inquisitorial officials to produce \u201csafe\u201d books. Galileo Galilei even took this route, working for years to produce a version of his infamous book comparing the Copernican and Ptolemaic solar systems that would pass muster with the Inquisition. Despite six years of negotiations, Galileo could not keep his overzealous support for the Copernican system (the theory that the sun is at the center of the solar system and that the planets rotate around it) out of the final version of the <em>Dialogues<\/em>. It was banned in 1632, a mere two months after it first arrived in Rome.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Questions to Consider:<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>What lessons did the Inquisition learn from Luther\u2019s success? How does a book like the <em>Index<\/em> reflect those lessons?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Why would the Inquisition ban parts of books? What might this say about how inquisitors felt about academics and intellectual culture more generally?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>How does the image on the title page of Galileo\u2019s famous book contribute to his attempt to appease the Inquisition?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Inquisitorial Process<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_178263\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"762\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_ms_5212_003_o2-762x1024.jpg\" alt=\"Single page of handwritten Latin text.\" class=\"wp-image-13974\" style=\"width:283px;height:380px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_ms_5212_003_o2-762x1024.jpg 762w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_ms_5212_003_o2-scaled-300x403.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_ms_5212_003_o2-scaled-600x806.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_ms_5212_003_o2-223x300.jpg 223w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_ms_5212_003_o2-768x1032.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_ms_5212_003_o2-1143x1536.jpg 1143w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_ms_5212_003_o2-1524x2048.jpg 1524w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_ms_5212_003_o2-scaled.jpg 1905w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 762px) 100vw, 762px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_178263\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">[Instructions that Inquisitors Must Follow] (1510)<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">There was nothing haphazard about the Inquisition. Wherever it operated, the office of the Inquisition was among the most sophisticated and orderly institutions in the early modern world. Inquisitors pursued their work according to certain procedures that circulated in print and in manuscript, and were frequently updated as the offices and the problems they encountered developed. The need to stay current might explain the production of this manuscript copy of <em>Instructions that Inquisitors Must Follow<\/em>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">At every point, trials and examinations of alleged heretics were formal legal proceedings with carefully-defined vocabulary. The passage from the printed inquisitor\u2019s manual below, for instance, lays out the precise understanding of the key term \u201cheresy.\u201d This important manual was first published in Milan in 1566 and presented all of the important terms inquisitors used in alphabetical order. The edition here also featured a witch-hunting treatise by the same author.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_235011\" target=\"_blank\">Comensis Bernadus, <em>Lucerna Inquisitorum Haereticae<\/em> [Lamp of the Inquisitors of Heretical Discipline], 45-48 (1596)<\/a><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow aligncenter\" data-effect=\"slide\"><div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_container swiper-container\"><ul class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_swiper-wrapper swiper-wrapper\"><li class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_slide swiper-slide\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"757\" height=\"1024\" alt=\"Single page of printed Latin text.\" class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_image wp-image-13975\" data-id=\"13975\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_d_49_095_pg_45_o2-757x1024.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_d_49_095_pg_45_o2-757x1024.jpg 757w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_d_49_095_pg_45_o2-scaled-300x406.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_d_49_095_pg_45_o2-scaled-600x812.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_d_49_095_pg_45_o2-222x300.jpg 222w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_d_49_095_pg_45_o2-768x1039.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_d_49_095_pg_45_o2-1135x1536.jpg 1135w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_d_49_095_pg_45_o2-1513x2048.jpg 1513w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_d_49_095_pg_45_o2-scaled.jpg 1892w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 757px) 100vw, 757px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_caption gallery-caption\">Comensis Bernardus, Lucerna Inquisitorum Haereticae Prauitatis [The Lamp of the Inquisitors of Heretical Discipline], 45 (1596)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_slide swiper-slide\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"754\" height=\"1024\" alt=\"Single page of printed Latin text.\" class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_image wp-image-20756\" data-id=\"20756\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/case_d_49_095_pg_46-754x1024.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/case_d_49_095_pg_46-754x1024.jpg 754w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/case_d_49_095_pg_46-scaled-300x407.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/case_d_49_095_pg_46-scaled-600x814.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/case_d_49_095_pg_46-221x300.jpg 221w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/case_d_49_095_pg_46-768x1043.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/case_d_49_095_pg_46-1131x1536.jpg 1131w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/case_d_49_095_pg_46-1509x2048.jpg 1509w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/case_d_49_095_pg_46-scaled.jpg 1886w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 754px) 100vw, 754px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_caption gallery-caption\">Comensis Bernardus, Lucerna Inquisitorum Haereticae Prauitatis [The Lamp of the Inquisitors of Heretical Discipline], 46 (1596)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_slide swiper-slide\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"744\" height=\"1024\" alt=\"Single page of printed Latin text.\" class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_image wp-image-20757\" data-id=\"20757\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/case_d_49_095_pg_47-744x1024.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/case_d_49_095_pg_47-744x1024.jpg 744w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/case_d_49_095_pg_47-300x413.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/case_d_49_095_pg_47-600x826.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/case_d_49_095_pg_47-218x300.jpg 218w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/case_d_49_095_pg_47-768x1057.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/case_d_49_095_pg_47-1116x1536.jpg 1116w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/case_d_49_095_pg_47-1488x2048.jpg 1488w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/case_d_49_095_pg_47.jpg 1721w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 744px) 100vw, 744px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_caption gallery-caption\">Comensis Bernardus, Lucerna Inquisitorum Haereticae Prauitatis [The Lamp of the Inquisitors of Heretical Discipline], 47 (1596)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_slide swiper-slide\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"742\" height=\"1024\" alt=\"Single page of printed Latin text.\" class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_image wp-image-20758\" data-id=\"20758\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/case_d_49_095_pg_48-742x1024.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/case_d_49_095_pg_48-742x1024.jpg 742w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/case_d_49_095_pg_48-scaled-300x414.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/case_d_49_095_pg_48-scaled-600x828.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/case_d_49_095_pg_48-217x300.jpg 217w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/case_d_49_095_pg_48-768x1060.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/case_d_49_095_pg_48-1113x1536.jpg 1113w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/case_d_49_095_pg_48-1484x2048.jpg 1484w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/case_d_49_095_pg_48-scaled.jpg 1855w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 742px) 100vw, 742px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_caption gallery-caption\">Comensis Bernardus, Lucerna Inquisitorum Haereticae Prauitatis [The Lamp of the Inquisitors of Heretical Discipline], 48 (1596)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><\/ul><a class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_button-prev swiper-button-prev swiper-button-white\" role=\"button\"><\/a><a class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_button-next swiper-button-next swiper-button-white\" role=\"button\"><\/a><a aria-label=\"Pause Slideshow\" class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_button-pause\" role=\"button\"><\/a><div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_pagination swiper-pagination swiper-pagination-white\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In Spain and Portugal (but not in Rome), the inquisitorial process for those condemned for heresy ended in an <em>auto de fe<\/em> (act of faith), an elaborate public ceremony designed to celebrate orthodox faith while simultaneously shaming and punishing those who violated it. All condemned heretics (even those who confessed and reconciled with the church) were dressed in humiliating costumes and marched through a city to a public square, where they would be sentenced and, if necessary, executed after a public service. The image here, taken from an illustrated history of the Inquisition, depicts the accused sitting on a special stage while a preacher condemns them. Inquisitors encouraged the orthodox public to attend these events by holding them on feast days (when no one worked) in the public center of the city, and by offering spiritual benefits to those who attended. The Inquisitorial victims shown in this image were dressed in special costumes denoting their status. The individuals in the top row had refused to confess and would be burned at the very end of the ceremony.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_514858\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"802\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_d49_502_opp_pg_374_o2-1024x802.jpg\" alt=\"Drawing of stage in a city square surrounded by a crowd. Members of the Inquisition are on the stage surrounded by victims they will punish, who sit in tiered seats around the edges of the stage. Members of the crowd carry pikes or spears.\" class=\"wp-image-13976\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_d49_502_opp_pg_374_o2-1024x802.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_d49_502_opp_pg_374_o2-300x235.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_d49_502_opp_pg_374_o2-scaled-600x470.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_d49_502_opp_pg_374_o2-768x602.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_d49_502_opp_pg_374_o2-1536x1203.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_d49_502_opp_pg_374_o2-2048x1604.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_514858\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Philippus van Limbroch, <em>Historia Inquisitionis<\/em> (1692)<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Questions to Consider:<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Why would church officials want inquisitors to follow strict guidelines?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>What did the Spanish and Portuguese Inquisitions hope to achieve by holding public ceremonies like <em>autos de fe<\/em>? What kind of message did they send to the audience?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Global Inquisition<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">As the Catholic Church spread to the Americas, Africa, and Asia through conquest and colonization, the Inquisition went with it. Inquisitorial offices and tribunals were quickly set up from Brazil and Mexico to India and the Philippines in order to \u201cprotect\u201d new converts from Jews, Protestants, and those who still practiced Indigenous religions. This was no easy task; inquisitors in the colonies had to navigate a more diverse religious environment than in Europe, a tricky process described in Gabriel Dellon\u2019s account of the Portuguese inquisition in India. Dellon was a French physician who was arrested by the Inquisition in 1673 and imprisoned at Goa for two years. The first edition of this work appeared in 1685 and was very popular in Protestant markets, especially England.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_330127\/greenlee_4522_d35_1688a_tp_o2.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Gabriel Dellon, <em>The History of the Inquisition as it is Exercised at Goa<\/em>, title page, 28-29 (1688)<\/a><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow aligncenter\" data-effect=\"slide\"><div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_container swiper-container\"><ul class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_swiper-wrapper swiper-wrapper\"><li class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_slide swiper-slide\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"807\" height=\"1024\" alt=\"Title page of a printed book in English\" class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_image wp-image-13977\" data-id=\"13977\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/greenlee_4522_d35_1688a_tp_o2-807x1024.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/greenlee_4522_d35_1688a_tp_o2-807x1024.jpg 807w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/greenlee_4522_d35_1688a_tp_o2-scaled-300x381.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/greenlee_4522_d35_1688a_tp_o2-scaled-600x762.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/greenlee_4522_d35_1688a_tp_o2-236x300.jpg 236w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/greenlee_4522_d35_1688a_tp_o2-768x975.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/greenlee_4522_d35_1688a_tp_o2-1210x1536.jpg 1210w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/greenlee_4522_d35_1688a_tp_o2-1614x2048.jpg 1614w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/greenlee_4522_d35_1688a_tp_o2-scaled.jpg 2017w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 807px) 100vw, 807px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_caption gallery-caption\">Gabriel Dellon, The History of the Inquisition, as it is exercised at Goa, title page (1688)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_slide swiper-slide\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"814\" height=\"1024\" alt=\"Single page of printed text in English describing religious persecutions in Goa.\" class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_image wp-image-20755\" data-id=\"20755\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/greenlee_4522_d35_1688a_pg_28_o2-814x1024.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/greenlee_4522_d35_1688a_pg_28_o2-814x1024.jpg 814w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/greenlee_4522_d35_1688a_pg_28_o2-scaled-300x377.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/greenlee_4522_d35_1688a_pg_28_o2-scaled-600x755.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/greenlee_4522_d35_1688a_pg_28_o2-239x300.jpg 239w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/greenlee_4522_d35_1688a_pg_28_o2-768x966.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/greenlee_4522_d35_1688a_pg_28_o2-1221x1536.jpg 1221w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/greenlee_4522_d35_1688a_pg_28_o2-1628x2048.jpg 1628w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/greenlee_4522_d35_1688a_pg_28_o2-scaled.jpg 2035w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 814px) 100vw, 814px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_caption gallery-caption\">Gabriel Dellon, The History of the Inquisition, as it is exercised at Goa, 28 (1688)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_slide swiper-slide\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"788\" height=\"1024\" alt=\"Single page of printed text in English describing religious persecutions in Goa.\" class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_image wp-image-20752\" data-id=\"20752\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/greenlee_4522_d35_1688a_pg_29_o2-788x1024.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/greenlee_4522_d35_1688a_pg_29_o2-788x1024.jpg 788w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/greenlee_4522_d35_1688a_pg_29_o2-scaled-300x390.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/greenlee_4522_d35_1688a_pg_29_o2-scaled-600x780.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/greenlee_4522_d35_1688a_pg_29_o2-231x300.jpg 231w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/greenlee_4522_d35_1688a_pg_29_o2-768x998.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/greenlee_4522_d35_1688a_pg_29_o2-1181x1536.jpg 1181w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/greenlee_4522_d35_1688a_pg_29_o2-1575x2048.jpg 1575w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/greenlee_4522_d35_1688a_pg_29_o2-scaled.jpg 1969w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 788px) 100vw, 788px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_caption gallery-caption\">Gabriel Dellon, The History of the Inquisition, as it is exercised at Goa, 29 (1688)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><\/ul><a class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_button-prev swiper-button-prev swiper-button-white\" role=\"button\"><\/a><a class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_button-next swiper-button-next swiper-button-white\" role=\"button\"><\/a><a aria-label=\"Pause Slideshow\" class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_button-pause\" role=\"button\"><\/a><div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_pagination swiper-pagination swiper-pagination-white\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">To overcome these challenges, the international branches generally followed the same procedures as their European counterparts, including controlling the printing industry. Inquisitors in Mexico had the authority to review and approve books for publication; four inquisitors reviewed (and approved) this petition to print an astronomical almanac for the year 1656. This petition was submitted by Gabriel L\u00f3pez de Bonilla, a Mexican astronomer and mathematics professor. Here he makes the case that the proposed work would be \u201cuseful and necessary\u201d for agriculture, medicine, and navigation.&#8221;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-995f960e wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_116614\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"475\" height=\"607\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/ayer_ms_1833_01.jpg\" alt=\"Handwritten page of text\" class=\"wp-image-13978\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/ayer_ms_1833_01.jpg 475w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/ayer_ms_1833_01-300x383.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/ayer_ms_1833_01-235x300.jpg 235w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 475px) 100vw, 475px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_116614\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Gabriel L\u00f3pez de Bonilla [Petition to Officials of the Inquition in Mexico City] (1655)<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_157670-2\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"723\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/wing_zp_539_k4665_233_o2-723x1024.jpg\" alt=\"Single page of a hand-written medieval manuscript with the first eight- and one-half lines obscured with colored ink to make them unreadable.\" class=\"wp-image-13979\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/wing_zp_539_k4665_233_o2-723x1024.jpg 723w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/wing_zp_539_k4665_233_o2-scaled-300x425.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/wing_zp_539_k4665_233_o2-scaled-600x850.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/wing_zp_539_k4665_233_o2-212x300.jpg 212w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/wing_zp_539_k4665_233_o2-768x1088.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/wing_zp_539_k4665_233_o2-1084x1536.jpg 1084w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/wing_zp_539_k4665_233_o2-1446x2048.jpg 1446w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/wing_zp_539_k4665_233_o2-scaled.jpg 1807w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 723px) 100vw, 723px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_157670-2\" target=\"_blank\">[Prayerbook] (1515)<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">These officials also censored books brought over to the colonies from Europe, a fate that befell the illustrated prayerbook above in 1571. This prayerbook was first printed in Paris in 1515. It was censored in a variety of ways beyond the colored bands shown here, including covering texts with pastedowns (the part of an endpaper which is pasted to the inside of the cover) and cutting out pages. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Questions to Consider:<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Based on Dellon\u2019s account, what strategies did the Inquisition adopt to deal with the religious diversity in southern India?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Dellon is convinced that the Inquisition\u2019s approach at Goa was harmful to the overall goal of spreading Christianity. Why?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Why would the Inquisition have been concerned about almanacs?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Why do you think the Inquisition censored this prayer book in the way that you see here?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Legend of the Inquisition<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ironically, the lasting cultural power of the Inquisition today is in large part due to Protestants, especially those living in the Netherlands and England, two Protestant powers fearful of Spanish expansion. The Inquisition was a key aspect of a massive propaganda campaign by the English and Dutch to prove the inherent corruption and wickedness of their Catholic rivals. William of Orange, an important early leader of the Dutch war for independence from Spain in the late 16th century, cited the threat of an Inquisition \u2013 which he called \u201cthe greatest crime that can be in Spaine\u201d \u2013 coming to France and the Low Countries as the factor that drove him to rebellion. William of Orange was declared an outlaw in 1580 by King Phillip of Spain. William provided this official response and justification of his rebellion before the other Protestant Dutch leaders in December 1580.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_493191\" target=\"_blank\">Hubert Languet, <em>The Apologie, or Defence, of the Most Noble William&#8230;of Orange<\/em>, sig. G1r-G1v (1581)<\/a><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow aligncenter\" data-effect=\"slide\"><div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_container swiper-container\"><ul class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_swiper-wrapper swiper-wrapper\"><li class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_slide swiper-slide\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"734\" height=\"1024\" alt=\"Single page of printed text in English.\" class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_image wp-image-13980\" data-id=\"13980\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_e5_w67142_sig_g_r_o2-734x1024.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_e5_w67142_sig_g_r_o2-734x1024.jpg 734w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_e5_w67142_sig_g_r_o2-scaled-300x418.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_e5_w67142_sig_g_r_o2-scaled-600x837.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_e5_w67142_sig_g_r_o2-215x300.jpg 215w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_e5_w67142_sig_g_r_o2-768x1071.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_e5_w67142_sig_g_r_o2-1102x1536.jpg 1102w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_e5_w67142_sig_g_r_o2-1469x2048.jpg 1469w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_e5_w67142_sig_g_r_o2-scaled.jpg 1836w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 734px) 100vw, 734px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_caption gallery-caption\">Hubert Languet, The Apologie, or Defense, of the most noble William of Orange, signature G1 r (1581)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_slide swiper-slide\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"789\" height=\"1024\" alt=\"Single page of printed text in English\" class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_image wp-image-20753\" data-id=\"20753\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/case_e5_w67142_sig_g_v_o2-789x1024.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/case_e5_w67142_sig_g_v_o2-789x1024.jpg 789w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/case_e5_w67142_sig_g_v_o2-scaled-300x389.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/case_e5_w67142_sig_g_v_o2-scaled-600x779.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/case_e5_w67142_sig_g_v_o2-231x300.jpg 231w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/case_e5_w67142_sig_g_v_o2-768x996.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/case_e5_w67142_sig_g_v_o2-1184x1536.jpg 1184w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/case_e5_w67142_sig_g_v_o2-1579x2048.jpg 1579w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/case_e5_w67142_sig_g_v_o2-scaled.jpg 1973w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 789px) 100vw, 789px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_caption gallery-caption\">Hubert Languet, The Apologie, or Defense, of the most noble William of Orange, signature G1 v (1581)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><\/ul><a class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_button-prev swiper-button-prev swiper-button-white\" role=\"button\"><\/a><a class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_button-next swiper-button-next swiper-button-white\" role=\"button\"><\/a><a aria-label=\"Pause Slideshow\" class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_button-pause\" role=\"button\"><\/a><div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_pagination swiper-pagination swiper-pagination-white\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Narrative accounts of individuals who were imprisoned or tortured by the Inquisition were a particularly useful genre for perpetrating horror stories (true as well as false) about the Inquisition. These texts were often best-sellers in Protestant lands, especially England, where interest in texts like this was especially high. A typical English perspective on the Spanish Inquisition was offered by the traveler William Lithgow, who claimed to have been unjustly arrested, tortured, and nearly burned by the Inquisition while traveling in Spain. Lithgow\u2019s work was strongly anti-Catholic, and he had a tendency to elaborate his travel tales. This account was published in 1623, a period of great anti-Spanish sentiment in England.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_516991\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">William Lithgow, <em>The Totall Discourse of the Rare Aduentures&#8230;<\/em>, 476-477 (1632)<\/a><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow aligncenter\" data-effect=\"slide\"><div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_container swiper-container\"><ul class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_swiper-wrapper swiper-wrapper\"><li class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_slide swiper-slide\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"726\" height=\"1024\" alt=\"Single page of printed text in English\" class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_image wp-image-13981\" data-id=\"13981\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_g_131_5148_pg_476_o2-726x1024.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_g_131_5148_pg_476_o2-726x1024.jpg 726w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_g_131_5148_pg_476_o2-scaled-300x423.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_g_131_5148_pg_476_o2-scaled-600x847.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_g_131_5148_pg_476_o2-213x300.jpg 213w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_g_131_5148_pg_476_o2-768x1084.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_g_131_5148_pg_476_o2-1088x1536.jpg 1088w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_g_131_5148_pg_476_o2-1451x2048.jpg 1451w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_g_131_5148_pg_476_o2-scaled.jpg 1814w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 726px) 100vw, 726px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_caption gallery-caption\">William Lithgow, The totall discourse of the rare aduentures\u2026, 476 (1632)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_slide swiper-slide\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"784\" height=\"1024\" alt=\"Single page of printed text in English\" class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_image wp-image-20754\" data-id=\"20754\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/case_g_131_5148_pg_477_o2-784x1024.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/case_g_131_5148_pg_477_o2-784x1024.jpg 784w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/case_g_131_5148_pg_477_o2-scaled-300x392.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/case_g_131_5148_pg_477_o2-scaled-600x784.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/case_g_131_5148_pg_477_o2-230x300.jpg 230w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/case_g_131_5148_pg_477_o2-768x1004.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/case_g_131_5148_pg_477_o2-1175x1536.jpg 1175w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/case_g_131_5148_pg_477_o2-1567x2048.jpg 1567w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/case_g_131_5148_pg_477_o2-scaled.jpg 1959w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 784px) 100vw, 784px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_caption gallery-caption\">William Lithgow, The totall discourse of the rare aduentures\u2026, 477 (1632)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><\/ul><a class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_button-prev swiper-button-prev swiper-button-white\" role=\"button\"><\/a><a class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_button-next swiper-button-next swiper-button-white\" role=\"button\"><\/a><a aria-label=\"Pause Slideshow\" class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_button-pause\" role=\"button\"><\/a><div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_pagination swiper-pagination swiper-pagination-white\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Questions to Consider:<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>How does William describe the Inquisition in his address? Why might he have chosen to describe it this way?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Based on the other Inquisitorial documents in this collection, how accurate do you think Lithgow\u2019s account of his treatment was?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__nav-link\"><span class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__title-wrapper\"><a href=\"#\"><span class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__title\">Sources<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__tab-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__tab-content\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Inquisition Manuals and Procedural Guides<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">These documents outline the legal frameworks and methodologies employed by inquisitors. Inquisitors pursued their work according to certain procedures that circulated in print and in manuscript. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-995f960e wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_235011\/case_d_49_095_pg_45_o2.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\" noreferrer noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"757\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_d_49_095_pg_45_o2-757x1024.jpg\" alt=\"Single page of printed Latin text.\" class=\"wp-image-13975\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_d_49_095_pg_45_o2-757x1024.jpg 757w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_d_49_095_pg_45_o2-scaled-300x406.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_d_49_095_pg_45_o2-scaled-600x812.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_d_49_095_pg_45_o2-222x300.jpg 222w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_d_49_095_pg_45_o2-768x1039.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_d_49_095_pg_45_o2-1135x1536.jpg 1135w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_d_49_095_pg_45_o2-1513x2048.jpg 1513w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_d_49_095_pg_45_o2-scaled.jpg 1892w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 757px) 100vw, 757px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_235011\/case_d_49_095_pg_45_o2.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Comensis Bernardus, <em>Lucerna Inquisitorum Haereticae Prauitatis<\/em>, &#8220;The Lamp of the Inquisitors of Heretical Discipline&#8221;, (1596)<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_519559\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\" noreferrer noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"745\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_c_7582_528_tp_02_o2-745x1024.jpg\" alt=\"Woodcut print image showing a huge beast opening its mouth to devour the Pope who is sitting on the papal throne. He is surrounded by demons, one of which holds the papal crown above his head.\" class=\"wp-image-13970\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_c_7582_528_tp_02_o2-745x1024.jpg 745w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_c_7582_528_tp_02_o2-scaled-300x412.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_c_7582_528_tp_02_o2-scaled-600x824.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_c_7582_528_tp_02_o2-218x300.jpg 218w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_c_7582_528_tp_02_o2-768x1055.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_c_7582_528_tp_02_o2-1118x1536.jpg 1118w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_c_7582_528_tp_02_o2-1490x2048.jpg 1490w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_c_7582_528_tp_02_o2-scaled.jpg 1863w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 745px) 100vw, 745px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_519559\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Martin Luther, &#8220;Against the Papacy in Rome Founded by the Devil&#8221; (1545)<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_178263\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\" noreferrer noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"762\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_ms_5212_003_o2-762x1024.jpg\" alt=\"Single page of handwritten Latin text.\" class=\"wp-image-13974\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_ms_5212_003_o2-762x1024.jpg 762w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_ms_5212_003_o2-scaled-300x403.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_ms_5212_003_o2-scaled-600x806.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_ms_5212_003_o2-223x300.jpg 223w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_ms_5212_003_o2-768x1032.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_ms_5212_003_o2-1143x1536.jpg 1143w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_ms_5212_003_o2-1524x2048.jpg 1524w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_ms_5212_003_o2-scaled.jpg 1905w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 762px) 100vw, 762px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_178263\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em>Instructions that Inquisitors Must Follow<\/em> (1510)<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-995f960e wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_516767\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\" noreferrer noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"697\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_c_64_533_sig_c2v_c3r_o2-1024x697.jpg\" alt=\"Two-page spread of German in blackletter font.\" class=\"wp-image-13969\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_c_64_533_sig_c2v_c3r_o2-1024x697.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_c_64_533_sig_c2v_c3r_o2-300x204.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_c_64_533_sig_c2v_c3r_o2-scaled-600x408.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_c_64_533_sig_c2v_c3r_o2-768x523.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_c_64_533_sig_c2v_c3r_o2-1536x1045.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_c_64_533_sig_c2v_c3r_o2-2048x1394.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_516767\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Martin Luther, &#8220;Address to the German Nobility&#8221; (1520)<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Trial Records and Sentencing Documents<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Narrative accounts of individuals who were imprisoned or tortured by the Inquisition were often best-sellers in Protestant lands, especially England, where interest in texts like this was especially high. Below are transcripts and summaries of trials conducted by the Inquisition, detailing charges and outcomes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-995f960e wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_330127\/greenlee_4522_d35_1688a_tp_o2.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\" noreferrer noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"807\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/greenlee_4522_d35_1688a_tp_o2-807x1024.jpg\" alt=\"Title page of a printed book in English.\" class=\"wp-image-13977\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/greenlee_4522_d35_1688a_tp_o2-807x1024.jpg 807w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/greenlee_4522_d35_1688a_tp_o2-scaled-300x381.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/greenlee_4522_d35_1688a_tp_o2-scaled-600x762.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/greenlee_4522_d35_1688a_tp_o2-236x300.jpg 236w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/greenlee_4522_d35_1688a_tp_o2-768x975.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/greenlee_4522_d35_1688a_tp_o2-1210x1536.jpg 1210w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/greenlee_4522_d35_1688a_tp_o2-1614x2048.jpg 1614w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/greenlee_4522_d35_1688a_tp_o2-scaled.jpg 2017w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 807px) 100vw, 807px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_330127\/greenlee_4522_d35_1688a_tp_o2.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Gabriel Dellon, <em>The History of the Inquisition, as it is exercised at Goa<\/em>, title page (1688)<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_514858\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\" noreferrer noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"802\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_d49_502_opp_pg_374_o2-1024x802.jpg\" alt=\"Drawing of stage in a city square surrounded by a crowd. Members of the Inquisition are on the stage surrounded by victims they will punish, who sit in tiered seats around the edges of the stage. Members of the crowd carry pikes or spears.\" class=\"wp-image-13976\" style=\"aspect-ratio:1;object-fit:cover\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_d49_502_opp_pg_374_o2-1024x802.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_d49_502_opp_pg_374_o2-300x235.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_d49_502_opp_pg_374_o2-scaled-600x470.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_d49_502_opp_pg_374_o2-768x602.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_d49_502_opp_pg_374_o2-1536x1203.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_d49_502_opp_pg_374_o2-2048x1604.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_514858\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Philippus van Limbroch, <em>Historia Inquisitionis<\/em> (1692)<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_116614\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\" noreferrer noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"475\" height=\"607\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/ayer_ms_1833_01.jpg\" alt=\"Handwritten page of text\" class=\"wp-image-13978\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/ayer_ms_1833_01.jpg 475w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/ayer_ms_1833_01-300x383.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/ayer_ms_1833_01-235x300.jpg 235w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 475px) 100vw, 475px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_116614\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Gabriel L\u00f3pez de Bonilla,<em> Petition to Officials of the Inquition in Mexico City<\/em>, (1655)<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-995f960e wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_493191\/case_e5_w67142_sig_g_r_o2.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\" noreferrer noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"734\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_e5_w67142_sig_g_r_o2-734x1024.jpg\" alt=\"Single page of printed text in English.\" class=\"wp-image-13980\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_e5_w67142_sig_g_r_o2-734x1024.jpg 734w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_e5_w67142_sig_g_r_o2-scaled-300x418.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_e5_w67142_sig_g_r_o2-scaled-600x837.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_e5_w67142_sig_g_r_o2-215x300.jpg 215w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_e5_w67142_sig_g_r_o2-768x1071.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_e5_w67142_sig_g_r_o2-1102x1536.jpg 1102w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_e5_w67142_sig_g_r_o2-1469x2048.jpg 1469w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_e5_w67142_sig_g_r_o2-scaled.jpg 1836w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 734px) 100vw, 734px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_493191\/case_e5_w67142_sig_g_r_o2.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Hubert Languet, <em>The Apologie, or Defense, of the most noble William of Orange<\/em>, (1581)<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_516991\/case_g_131_5148_pg_476_o2.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\" noreferrer noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"726\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_g_131_5148_pg_476_o2-726x1024.jpg\" alt=\"Single page of printed text in English\" class=\"wp-image-13981\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_g_131_5148_pg_476_o2-726x1024.jpg 726w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_g_131_5148_pg_476_o2-scaled-300x423.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_g_131_5148_pg_476_o2-scaled-600x847.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_g_131_5148_pg_476_o2-213x300.jpg 213w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_g_131_5148_pg_476_o2-768x1084.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_g_131_5148_pg_476_o2-1088x1536.jpg 1088w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_g_131_5148_pg_476_o2-1451x2048.jpg 1451w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_g_131_5148_pg_476_o2-scaled.jpg 1814w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 726px) 100vw, 726px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_516991\/case_g_131_5148_pg_476_o2.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">William Lithgow, <em>The totall discourse of the rare aduentures<\/em>, (1632)<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Censorship Records <\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Inquisitors were convinced that controlling the printing industry was essential to their work. Throughout Italy, Spain, and the Low Countries, they prosecuted not only authors of Protestant books, pamphlets, and broadsides, but also anyone who printed, sold, and owned them.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-995f960e wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_157670-2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\" noreferrer noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"723\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/wing_zp_539_k4665_233_o2-723x1024.jpg\" alt=\"Single page of a hand-written medieval manuscript with the first eight- and one-half lines obscured with colored ink to make them unreadable.\" class=\"wp-image-13979\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/wing_zp_539_k4665_233_o2-723x1024.jpg 723w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/wing_zp_539_k4665_233_o2-scaled-300x425.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/wing_zp_539_k4665_233_o2-scaled-600x850.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/wing_zp_539_k4665_233_o2-212x300.jpg 212w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/wing_zp_539_k4665_233_o2-768x1088.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/wing_zp_539_k4665_233_o2-1084x1536.jpg 1084w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/wing_zp_539_k4665_233_o2-1446x2048.jpg 1446w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/wing_zp_539_k4665_233_o2-scaled.jpg 1807w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 723px) 100vw, 723px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_157670-2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Prayerbook (1515)<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_358198-2\/case_6a_209_pg_683_o2.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\" noreferrer noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"760\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_6a_209_pg_683_o2-760x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-13972\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_6a_209_pg_683_o2-760x1024.jpg 760w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_6a_209_pg_683_o2-scaled-300x404.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_6a_209_pg_683_o2-scaled-600x808.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_6a_209_pg_683_o2-223x300.jpg 223w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_6a_209_pg_683_o2-768x1034.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_6a_209_pg_683_o2-1140x1536.jpg 1140w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_6a_209_pg_683_o2-1521x2048.jpg 1521w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_6a_209_pg_683_o2-scaled.jpg 1901w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 760px) 100vw, 760px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_358198-2\/case_6a_209_pg_683_o2.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em>Censored copy of Erasmus, Adages<\/em>, (1542)<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_383159\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\" noreferrer noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"767\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_4a_876_tp_01_o2-767x1024.jpg\" alt=\"Drawing of three older white men standing in semicircle having a discussion. Two of the men hold small machines like handheld astronomical instruments. In the background is a large sailing ship. Above them is a banner with the title of the book.\" class=\"wp-image-13973\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_4a_876_tp_01_o2-767x1024.jpg 767w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_4a_876_tp_01_o2-scaled-300x401.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_4a_876_tp_01_o2-scaled-600x802.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_4a_876_tp_01_o2-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_4a_876_tp_01_o2-768x1026.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_4a_876_tp_01_o2-1150x1536.jpg 1150w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_4a_876_tp_01_o2-1533x2048.jpg 1533w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_4a_876_tp_01_o2-scaled.jpg 1916w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 767px) 100vw, 767px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_383159\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Galileo Galilei, <em>Dialogue of Galileo Galilei\u2026on the Two Greatest World Systems<\/em>, (1632)<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-995f960e wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_858955\/case_bx_830_1545_a2_1568_book_02_pg_30_o2.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\" noreferrer noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"627\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_bx_830_1545_a2_1568_book_02_pg_30_o2-627x1024.jpg\" alt=\"Single page of printed text in Latin.\" class=\"wp-image-13971\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_bx_830_1545_a2_1568_book_02_pg_30_o2-627x1024.jpg 627w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_bx_830_1545_a2_1568_book_02_pg_30_o2-scaled-300x490.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_bx_830_1545_a2_1568_book_02_pg_30_o2-scaled-600x980.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_bx_830_1545_a2_1568_book_02_pg_30_o2-184x300.jpg 184w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_bx_830_1545_a2_1568_book_02_pg_30_o2-768x1254.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_bx_830_1545_a2_1568_book_02_pg_30_o2-941x1536.jpg 941w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_bx_830_1545_a2_1568_book_02_pg_30_o2-1254x2048.jpg 1254w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_bx_830_1545_a2_1568_book_02_pg_30_o2-scaled.jpg 1568w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 627px) 100vw, 627px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_858955\/case_bx_830_1545_a2_1568_book_02_pg_30_o2.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em>Index of Prohibited Books<\/em>, Book 2, (1568)<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__nav-link\"><span class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__title-wrapper\"><a href=\"#\"><span class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__title\">Further Reading<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__tab-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__tab-content\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Further Reading<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">MacCulloch, Diarmaid. <em>The Reformation: A History<\/em>. New York: Viking, 2004.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kamen, Henry. <em>The Spanish Inquisition: A Historial Revision<\/em>. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1997.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Lea, Henry Charles. <em>A History of the Inquisition in Spain<\/em>. 4 vols. New York, 1906-1908.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Greenleaf, Richard. <em>The Mexican Inquisition of the Sixteenth Century<\/em>. Albuquerque, 1969.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":13976,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[93,94,89,103,83,164],"tags":[174,166],"class_list":["post-14385","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-15th-century","category-16th-century","category-17th-century","category-18th-century","category-19th-century","category-collection-essays","tag-politics-government","tag-world-history"],"blocksy_meta":{"styles_descriptor":{"styles":{"desktop":"","tablet":"","mobile":""},"google_fonts":[],"version":6}},"acf":[],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/case_d49_502_opp_pg_374_o2-scaled.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14385","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=14385"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14385\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":24128,"href":"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14385\/revisions\/24128"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/13976"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=14385"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=14385"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=14385"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}