{"id":14425,"date":"2013-11-15T01:25:52","date_gmt":"2013-11-15T01:25:52","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/173.230.141.246\/dcc\/wpdemo\/?p=14425"},"modified":"2025-06-10T16:24:53","modified_gmt":"2025-06-10T16:24:53","slug":"home-front-the-visual-culture-of-the-civil-war-north","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/?p=14425","title":{"rendered":"Home Front: The Visual Culture of the Civil War North"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs\" data-active-tab=\"0\"><ul class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__nav-links\"><\/ul>\n<div class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__nav-link\"><span class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__title-wrapper\"><a href=\"#\"><span class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__title\">Essay<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__tab-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__tab-content\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Introduction<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">How did the Civil War transform the daily lives of people who lived hundreds of miles from the front lines? Most of the battles of the Civil War occurred either in border states or south of the Mason-Dixon line. As a result, civilians in border states and in the South encountered the Union and Confederate Armies themselves and witnessed the military conflict firsthand. Civilians in the North and West may not have had such direct experience of battle, yet many nevertheless found their daily lives transformed. Families sent soldiers and nurses to the southern battlefields. Northern women and men worked to provide the Union troops with necessities and comforts\u2014clothes, bandages, ammunition, food. They mourned the dead\u2014more than 360,000 men from the North alone\u2014and they received the surviving veterans, many severely wounded, who made their way back home.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-pullquote\"><blockquote><p><strong>In the North, popular illustrations, along with photographs and paintings, made up a rich visual culture related to the war.<\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Beyond the demands of the war effort, Northerners experienced the Civil War from a distance in historically unprecedented ways. Historian Adam Goodheart notes that changes in printing practices meant that, for the first time, \u201cAmericans did not simply read the news\u2014they saw the news.\u201d This had not been the case for previous generations. People who lived during the American Revolution had to wait weeks or even months for news of the war, which arrived by word of mouth or in the cramped columns of local newspapers. But by the mid-nineteenth century, the North had a flourishing periodical press that not only delivered news faster, it illustrated the news in pictures. Weekly periodicals, such as <em>Frank Leslie\u2019s Illustrated Newspaper<\/em> and <em>Harper\u2019s Weekly<\/em>, began printing large, woodcut illustrations in the years just before the Civil War and had circulations in the hundreds of thousands. The papers hired artists, such as Winslow Homer, to travel near the front lines and portray soldiers\u2019 experiences on the battlefields and in Union military camps.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Periodical illustrations made up one part of a rich visual culture related to the war that developed in the North in the 1860s. The period is often referred to as the coming of age of photography. Photographs could not yet be effectively reproduced in large numbers, yet they had a profound cultural influence through the portrait studios that thrived in towns and cities throughout the North. Photographers such as Matthew Brady exhibited their works in galleries, introducing Northern audiences to devastating images of corpse-strewn battlefields. While some artists embraced the new standard of realism set by photography, others developed a strong, symbolic language to spur patriotic feeling. Both respected painters, such as Frederic Edwin Church, and popular illustrators, whose work appeared on sheet music and stationery, invested images of the U.S. flag with a new significance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The following collection of documents brings together a wide range of images from sources both popular and highbrow in order to explore how visual culture shaped the meaning and experience of the Civil War home front. This digital collection is based on the 2013 Newberry Library and Terra Foundation for American Art exhibition <em>Home Front: Daily Life in the Civil War North<\/em>, curated by Peter John Brownlee and Daniel Greene.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Essential Questions<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>What was the visual culture of the Civil War North? Which subjects related to the war did artists and publishers portray for audiences away from the front?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>How did artists use various media\u2014painting, photography, printing\u2014to convey the national experience of the war? What were the relationships between popular and elite forms of media?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>How did images shape the meaning of the war for people at home and the meaning of the home during wartime?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The War Illustrated<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_503852\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"749\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Bombardment-Fort-Sumter-Frank-Leslie-1-1024x749.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-13404\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Bombardment-Fort-Sumter-Frank-Leslie-1-1024x749.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Bombardment-Fort-Sumter-Frank-Leslie-1-300x220.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Bombardment-Fort-Sumter-Frank-Leslie-1-scaled-600x439.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Bombardment-Fort-Sumter-Frank-Leslie-1-768x562.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Bombardment-Fort-Sumter-Frank-Leslie-1-1536x1124.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Bombardment-Fort-Sumter-Frank-Leslie-1-2048x1498.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_503852\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">E. G. Squier, &#8220;The Bombardment of Fort Sumter&#8221; in <em>Frank Leslie&#8217;s Pictorial History of the American Civil War <\/em>(1862)<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_504478-4\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"665\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Morning-Mustering-Contraband-1-1024x665.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-13401\" style=\"width:284px;height:185px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Morning-Mustering-Contraband-1-1024x665.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Morning-Mustering-Contraband-1-300x195.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Morning-Mustering-Contraband-1-scaled-600x390.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Morning-Mustering-Contraband-1-768x499.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Morning-Mustering-Contraband-1-1536x998.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Morning-Mustering-Contraband-1-2048x1330.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_504478-4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">&#8220;Mustering of the &#8216;Contraband&#8217;,&#8221; in <em>Frank Leslie&#8217;s Illustrated Newspaper<\/em> (November 2, 1861)<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The illustrations in this section are drawn from the popular, New York\u2013based weeklies <em>Frank Leslie\u2019s Illustrated Newspaper<\/em> and <em>Harper\u2019s Weekly<\/em> and suggest some of the ways these publications pictured the war for their readers. The first portrays the bombardment of Fort Sumter and was originally published on April 20, 1861, less than a week after the event itself. This spectacular representation of the outbreak of war contrasts with the seemingly mundane illustration that follows of the \u201cMorning Mustering of the \u2018Contraband\u2019 at Fortress Monroe.\u201d The term contraband refers to former slaves who had escaped into the protection of Union forces. If mustering normally suggests the routine activity of soldiers, in this case, it evokes radical social change\u2014the prospect of freeing slaves more than a year before the Emancipation Proclamation was issued. (For more information, see <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_427774-10\">&#8220;Contrabands Coming into Camp in Consequence of the Proclamation&#8221;<\/a> in the collection <em><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/?p=14418\" target=\"_blank\">Lincoln, the North, and the Question of Emancipation<\/a><\/em>.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cNews from the War\u201d presents a series of vignettes that depict the importance of wartime communication both to soldiers at war and to their families at home. The artist, Winslow Homer, went on to become one of the most-celebrated American painters of the nineteenth century. But he began as a commercial printmaker and, in October 1861, had been hired by <em>Harper\u2019s Weekly<\/em> to serve as an artist-correspondent in Virginia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_427774-21\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"746\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Homer-News-from-the-war-1-1024x746.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-13410\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Homer-News-from-the-war-1-1024x746.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Homer-News-from-the-war-1-300x219.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Homer-News-from-the-war-1-scaled-600x437.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Homer-News-from-the-war-1-768x560.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Homer-News-from-the-war-1-1536x1119.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Homer-News-from-the-war-1-2048x1492.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_427774-21\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Winslow Homer, &#8220;News from the War&#8221; in <em>Harper&#8217;s Weekly<\/em> (1862)<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The final image below is of the Myriopticon, a miniature panorama produced by toy manufacturer Milton Bradley shortly after the war ended. The Myriopticon was a shoe-box-sized theater. It presented the history of the \u201cRebellion\u201d on a scroll of 22 hand-colored illustrations copied from <em>Harper\u2019s<\/em> and mounted on spindles in a cardboard box. A presenter could turn a crank to move the scroll from scene to scene, while reading from an accompanying script. The toy was so popular in some areas that neighbors would gather in the owner\u2019s house to watch the show over and over. One child begged Bradley to sell more of the devices, so \u201cas to make it less crowded in our parlor.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_181147\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Selection: The Myriopticon (1866)<\/a><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow aligncenter\" data-effect=\"slide\"><div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_container swiper-container\"><ul class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_swiper-wrapper swiper-wrapper\"><li class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_slide swiper-slide\"><figure><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_image wp-image-13411\" data-id=\"13411\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Myriopticon-front-1024x782.jpg\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_caption gallery-caption\">The Myriopticon: A Historical Panorama: The Rebellion (1866)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_slide swiper-slide\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"779\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_image wp-image-17219\" data-id=\"17219\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Myriopticon-back-1024x779.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Myriopticon-back-1024x779.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Myriopticon-back-300x228.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Myriopticon-back-scaled-600x456.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Myriopticon-back-768x584.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Myriopticon-back-1536x1168.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Myriopticon-back-2048x1558.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_caption gallery-caption\">The Myriopticon: A Historical Panorama: The Rebellion, reverse (1866)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><\/ul><a class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_button-prev swiper-button-prev swiper-button-white\" role=\"button\"><\/a><a class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_button-next swiper-button-next swiper-button-white\" role=\"button\"><\/a><a aria-label=\"Pause Slideshow\" class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_button-pause\" role=\"button\"><\/a><div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_pagination swiper-pagination swiper-pagination-white\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Questions to Consider<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Describe the illustration \u201cThe Bombardment of Fort Sumter.\u201d What details did the artist include in the scene? Would you describe the image as realist, in the manner of today\u2019s newspaper photographs, or symbolic? Use evidence from the illustration to support your interpretation.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>How does the artist portray the gathering of \u201ccontraband\u201d at Fort Monroe? In what ways do the men resemble soldiers and in what ways are they visibly different from soldiers? How do they relate to other figures in the scene such as the Union Army officer and the dog? Would you describe the \u201ccontraband\u201d as dignified or comic?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Compare the \u201cBombardment\u201d and \u201cMustering\u201d illustrations as representations of the war. Keeping the newspaper\u2019s northern audience in mind, what does each image say about the larger significance or meaning of the war?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Examine the scenes in Homer\u2019s \u201cNews from the War.\u201d What is happening in each scene? What does the illustration suggest about the role of periodicals, such as <em>Harper\u2019s<\/em>, as well as private letters in wartime culture?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Why do you think the Myriopticon appealed to consumers after the Civil War? What kind of historical narrative does it offer?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Home at War<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_427774-19\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"681\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Homer-Filling-Cartridges-1-681x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-13406\" style=\"width:514px;height:773px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Homer-Filling-Cartridges-1-681x1024.jpg 681w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Homer-Filling-Cartridges-1-scaled-300x451.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Homer-Filling-Cartridges-1-scaled-600x902.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Homer-Filling-Cartridges-1-200x300.jpg 200w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Homer-Filling-Cartridges-1-768x1154.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Homer-Filling-Cartridges-1-1022x1536.jpg 1022w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Homer-Filling-Cartridges-1-1362x2048.jpg 1362w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Homer-Filling-Cartridges-1-scaled.jpg 1703w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 681px) 100vw, 681px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_427774-19\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Winslow Homer, &#8220;Filling Cartridges at the United States Arsenal at Watertown, Massachusetts&#8221; in <em>Harper&#8217;s Weekly<\/em> (July 20, 1861)<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"http:\/\/collection.terraamericanart.org\/view\/objects\/asitem\/People$0040242\/1?t:state:flow=5dc8e0a3-7f49-4b9d-b0ed-6785b339bb6c\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"771\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Homer-on-guard-771x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-13402\" style=\"width:291px;height:386px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Homer-on-guard-771x1024.jpg 771w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Homer-on-guard-scaled-300x399.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Homer-on-guard-scaled-600x798.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Homer-on-guard-226x300.jpg 226w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Homer-on-guard-768x1021.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Homer-on-guard-1156x1536.jpg 1156w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Homer-on-guard-1541x2048.jpg 1541w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Homer-on-guard-scaled.jpg 1926w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 771px) 100vw, 771px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><a href=\"http:\/\/collection.terraamericanart.org\/view\/objects\/asitem\/People$0040242\/1?t:state:flow=5dc8e0a3-7f49-4b9d-b0ed-6785b339bb6c\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Winslow Homer, <em>On Guard<\/em>, Terra Foundation for American Art (1864)<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">These two works by Winslow Homer suggest\u2014directly and indirectly\u2014some of the ways that the war changed the lives of civilians in the North. The 1861 cover of <em>Harper\u2019s<\/em> shows men, on the bottom half of the page, filling paper cartridges with gunpowder. Women, on the top half, insert the bullets. The work was dangerous; in spaces full of live ammunition, the smallest spark could trigger a catastrophic explosion. Women in the North had worked in factories for decades, but the war greatly increased the necessity and the opportunity for women to take on wage labor outside the home. Homer\u2019s 1864 painting <em>On Guard<\/em> portrays a boy watching over his family\u2019s fields in his father\u2019s absence, evoking changes to children\u2019s lives as a result of the war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Questions to Consider<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Describe the women and men at work in the Watertown arsenal. How does the illustration portray this aspect of the war effort? What does it suggest about the ways that women\u2019s and men\u2019s lives were changed by the war?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Examine Homer\u2019s painting <em>On Guard<\/em> and particularly the boy\u2019s posture and expression. In what ways does Homer compare the boy to a soldier? How has the war transformed the home, according to this work?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Iconography of Patriotism<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large\"><a href=\"http:\/\/collection.terraamericanart.org\/view\/objects\/asitem\/People$0040169\/0?t:state:flow=2acdb7ed-f17f-450b-8d8a-368ebda5ab70\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"666\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Church-banner-in-the-sky-1024x666.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-13403\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Church-banner-in-the-sky-1024x666.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Church-banner-in-the-sky-300x195.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Church-banner-in-the-sky-scaled-600x390.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Church-banner-in-the-sky-768x500.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Church-banner-in-the-sky-1536x999.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Church-banner-in-the-sky-2048x1332.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><a href=\"http:\/\/collection.terraamericanart.org\/view\/objects\/asitem\/People$0040169\/0?t:state:flow=2acdb7ed-f17f-450b-8d8a-368ebda5ab70\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Frederic Edwin Church,<em> Our Banner in the Sky<\/em>, Terra Foundation for American Art (1861)<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The sources in this section are all quite different and provide a sense of the popularity of images of the U.S. flag in the Civil War North. Renowned landscape painter Frederic Edwin Church created <em>Our Banner in the Sky<\/em> in response to the Confederate attack on Fort Sumter. The painting, on one level, exemplifies the allegorical and abstract approach to the war taken by members of the Hudson River school, at the time America\u2019s most prominent fine arts movement. However, as the images that follow suggest, Church\u2019s painting was one of many representations of the flag produced in the North during the war. Indeed, a New York publishing firm bought the copyright to Church\u2019s painting, reproduced it as a lithograph, and sold numerous copies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_427774-20\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"674\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Capture-of-Fredericksburg-1-674x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-13409\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Capture-of-Fredericksburg-1-674x1024.jpg 674w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Capture-of-Fredericksburg-1-scaled-300x456.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Capture-of-Fredericksburg-1-scaled-600x912.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Capture-of-Fredericksburg-1-197x300.jpg 197w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Capture-of-Fredericksburg-1-768x1167.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Capture-of-Fredericksburg-1-1011x1536.jpg 1011w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Capture-of-Fredericksburg-1-1348x2048.jpg 1348w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Capture-of-Fredericksburg-1-scaled.jpg 1685w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 674px) 100vw, 674px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_427774-20\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">&#8220;Capture of the Heights of Fredericksburg,&#8221; in <em>Harper&#8217;s Weekly<\/em> (May 23, 1863)<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_467318\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"786\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Bonnie-flag-cover-1-786x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-13407\" style=\"width:214px;height:279px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Bonnie-flag-cover-1-786x1024.jpg 786w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Bonnie-flag-cover-1-scaled-300x391.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Bonnie-flag-cover-1-scaled-600x782.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Bonnie-flag-cover-1-230x300.jpg 230w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Bonnie-flag-cover-1-768x1001.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Bonnie-flag-cover-1-1179x1536.jpg 1179w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Bonnie-flag-cover-1-1572x2048.jpg 1572w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Bonnie-flag-cover-1-scaled.jpg 1965w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 786px) 100vw, 786px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_467318\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">James Lorraine Geddes, <em>The Bonnie Flag<\/em> (1863)<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In this context, Church\u2019s work does not seem entirely different from the mass-produced flag images in this section. \u201cCapture of the Heights of Fredericksburg\u201d was one of many illustrations to feature a tattered U.S. flag waving triumphantly over the scene of a battle. In a time before recorded music, sheet music, such as <em>The Bonnie Flag<\/em>, was another popular source for the ubiquitous icon. Finally, the flag appears in a more intimate context: the stationery on which a Union soldier, George Deal, wrote to his wife, Sarah. His photographic portrait appears later in this collection.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_822514\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Selection: George Deal to Sarah Deal (November 9, 1862)<\/a><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow aligncenter\" data-effect=\"slide\"><div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_container swiper-container\"><ul class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_swiper-wrapper swiper-wrapper\"><li class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_slide swiper-slide\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"830\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_image wp-image-13400\" data-id=\"13400\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/George-Deal-Letter-to-Sarah-1-1024x830.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/George-Deal-Letter-to-Sarah-1-1024x830.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/George-Deal-Letter-to-Sarah-1-300x243.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/George-Deal-Letter-to-Sarah-1-scaled-600x487.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/George-Deal-Letter-to-Sarah-1-768x623.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/George-Deal-Letter-to-Sarah-1-1536x1245.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/George-Deal-Letter-to-Sarah-1-2048x1661.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_caption gallery-caption\">George Deal to Sarah Deal, 1 (November 9, 1862)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_slide swiper-slide\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"846\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_image wp-image-17220\" data-id=\"17220\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/George-Deal-Letter-to-Sarah-2-1024x846.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/George-Deal-Letter-to-Sarah-2-1024x846.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/George-Deal-Letter-to-Sarah-2-300x248.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/George-Deal-Letter-to-Sarah-2-scaled-600x496.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/George-Deal-Letter-to-Sarah-2-768x635.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/George-Deal-Letter-to-Sarah-2-1536x1269.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/George-Deal-Letter-to-Sarah-2-2048x1692.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_caption gallery-caption\">George Deal to Sarah Deal, 1 (November 9, 1862)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><\/ul><a class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_button-prev swiper-button-prev swiper-button-white\" role=\"button\"><\/a><a class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_button-next swiper-button-next swiper-button-white\" role=\"button\"><\/a><a aria-label=\"Pause Slideshow\" class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_button-pause\" role=\"button\"><\/a><div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_pagination swiper-pagination swiper-pagination-white\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Questions to Consider<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Describe what you see in Church\u2019s painting, <em>Our Banner in the Sky<\/em>. What is the scene that Church portrays? Why do you think he formed this national symbol out of a representation of nature? How would the meaning of the painting change if the Stars and Stripes appeared on a manmade flag and flagstaff?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>How does Church\u2019s painting respond to the attack on Fort Sumter? What feelings does the painting evoke now or might it have evoked in viewers at the time?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Examine the <em>Harper\u2019s<\/em> representation of the capture of Fredericksburg, Virginia, a town that the Union had lost six months earlier in a crushing defeat. Would you describe this illustration as a realistic or symbolic representation of the battle? Why? What is the place of the flag within the image\u2019s composition, or arrangement of figures? What message do you think this image conveyed to its audience in the North?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Consider the illustrations on the cover of <em>The Bonnie Flag<\/em> and the letter from George Deal. What does the image of the flag convey in each of these contexts? Why do you think flags were so ubiquitous in the North during the war years?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">War Photography<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_178644\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"587\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Stereograph-On-the-Battlefield-at-Gettysburg-1024x587.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-13408\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Stereograph-On-the-Battlefield-at-Gettysburg-1024x587.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Stereograph-On-the-Battlefield-at-Gettysburg-300x172.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Stereograph-On-the-Battlefield-at-Gettysburg-scaled-600x344.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Stereograph-On-the-Battlefield-at-Gettysburg-768x440.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Stereograph-On-the-Battlefield-at-Gettysburg-1536x881.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Stereograph-On-the-Battlefield-at-Gettysburg-2048x1174.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_178644\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">&#8220;On the Battlefield at Gettysburg&#8221; (1863)<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In the 1860s, photography was still a challenging medium, especially for reportage: the equipment was heavy and bulky, subjects had to be perfectly still when the camera\u2019s shutter snapped, and processing images required mixing dangerous chemicals by hand. Yet photographers such as Matthew Brady and Timothy O\u2019Sullivan ventured into the field to make the Civil War the first war to be extensively documented through photographs. The stark realism of corpse-strewn fields shown in photographs such as the one below seemed to many viewers to capture the particular brutality of this war. Although photographs were still too difficult to reproduce to be used in mass circulation newspapers or magazines, people found innovative ways to exploit the medium\u2019s realism. The stereograph shown below presents two copies of the same photograph, slightly offset, which creates the effect of a three-dimensional image when seen through a handheld viewer. It portrays the aftermath of fighting in Gettysburg in 1863, one of the bloodiest battles of the war and the site of a major Union victory.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_822514-2\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"783\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/George-Deal-portrait-783x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-13412\" style=\"width:242px;height:316px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/George-Deal-portrait-783x1024.jpg 783w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/George-Deal-portrait-scaled-300x393.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/George-Deal-portrait-scaled-600x785.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/George-Deal-portrait-229x300.jpg 229w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/George-Deal-portrait-768x1005.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/George-Deal-portrait-1174x1536.jpg 1174w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/George-Deal-portrait-1565x2048.jpg 1565w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/George-Deal-portrait-scaled.jpg 1956w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 783px) 100vw, 783px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_822514-2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">George Deal (1864)<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The war spurred the development of a thriving photographic portrait industry in cities and towns throughout the North. Hundreds of thousands of soldiers had portraits made as mementos for those they left behind. This photograph portrays Private George Deal whose letter to his wife, Sarah, appears in the preceding section. The negative was printed backwards; the U.S. on Deal\u2019s uniform appears in reverse. Deal was killed at the Battle of Atlanta in 1864.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Questions to Consider<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Examine the stereograph of the Gettysburg battlefield. What does this image convey about the war and the lives and deaths of soldiers who fought? How does it compare to the illustrations of the war that appeared in magazines?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Describe George Deal\u2019s dress and posture in this portrait. What does the image tell you about how Deal wanted to be remembered? How does this image compare to pictures that people share with friends and family today?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Coming Home<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_427774-18\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"843\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Homer-Our-Watering-Places-1-1024x843.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-13405\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Homer-Our-Watering-Places-1-1024x843.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Homer-Our-Watering-Places-1-300x247.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Homer-Our-Watering-Places-1-scaled-600x494.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Homer-Our-Watering-Places-1-768x632.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Homer-Our-Watering-Places-1-1536x1265.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Homer-Our-Watering-Places-1-2048x1686.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_427774-18\" target=\"_blank\">Winslow Homer, &#8220;Our Watering-Places&#8211;The Empty Sleeve at Newport&#8221; in <em>Harper&#8217;s Weekly <\/em>(August 26, 1865)<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_581630\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"713\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Suffering-Heroes-1-713x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-13399\" style=\"width:245px;height:352px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Suffering-Heroes-1-713x1024.jpg 713w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Suffering-Heroes-1-scaled-300x431.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Suffering-Heroes-1-scaled-600x862.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Suffering-Heroes-1-209x300.jpg 209w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Suffering-Heroes-1-768x1103.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Suffering-Heroes-1-1069x1536.jpg 1069w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Suffering-Heroes-1-1426x2048.jpg 1426w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Suffering-Heroes-1-scaled.jpg 1782w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 713px) 100vw, 713px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_581630\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Vaningen and Snider, &#8220;Suffering Heroes&#8221; in The Mother&#8217;s Journal and Family Visitant (1865)<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">After the war\u2019s end, many women and children at home adjusted either to the loss or to the return of their husbands, fathers, sons, and brothers with serious wounds or trauma. Soldiers returned home missing legs or arms or eyes. Depictions of the end of the war celebrated soldiers\u2019 homecomings, but often did so in a way that communicated profound loss, evoking the soldiers who would not return home or the permanent scars of those who did. The images in this section appeared in popular periodicals during and just after the war\u2019s final months.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Questions to Consider<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>What do these images suggest about the reintegration of veterans into civilian life? Will they be embraced or honored by those who stayed home? How do the two figures in each image relate to each other?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Examine Homer\u2019s \u201cOur Watering Places.\u201d Does the image suggest changes in gender roles as a result of the war? How does it do so?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__nav-link\"><span class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__title-wrapper\"><a href=\"#\"><span class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__title\">Sources<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__tab-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__tab-content\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Images of the War<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">These images are examples of illustrations and photographs that captured scenes of the war, depicting violent battles, the mundane, and various other aspects of soldiers&#8217; experiences.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-995f960e wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_503852\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"749\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Bombardment-Fort-Sumter-Frank-Leslie-1-1024x749.jpg\" alt=\"A black-and-white illustration depicting the bombardment of Fort Sumter during the Civil War. Explosions and smoke fill the sky as cannonballs rain down on the brick fortress, which flies a large American flag from its center. The surrounding water churns from the impact of shellfire, and the scene is chaotic and intense, capturing the violence of the attack in April 1861.\" class=\"wp-image-13404\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Bombardment-Fort-Sumter-Frank-Leslie-1-1024x749.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Bombardment-Fort-Sumter-Frank-Leslie-1-300x220.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Bombardment-Fort-Sumter-Frank-Leslie-1-scaled-600x439.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Bombardment-Fort-Sumter-Frank-Leslie-1-768x562.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Bombardment-Fort-Sumter-Frank-Leslie-1-1536x1124.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Bombardment-Fort-Sumter-Frank-Leslie-1-2048x1498.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_503852\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">E. G. Squier, &#8220;The Bombardment of Fort Sumter&#8221; (1862)<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_504478-4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"665\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Morning-Mustering-Contraband-1-1024x665.jpg\" alt=\"A detailed black-and-white illustration from Frank Leslie\u2019s Illustrated Newspaper depicting a large group of formerly enslaved Black men, labeled \u201ccontrabands,\u201d being mustered for work at Fortress Monroe during the Civil War. They march in an organized line carrying tools like shovels, rakes, and hoes. A white officer on horseback gestures forward, directing the group. In the foreground are cannons, cannonballs, and a dog lying alert. A building and more laborers appear in the background. The image captures a moment of transition from enslavement to paid military labor under Union direction.\" class=\"wp-image-13401\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Morning-Mustering-Contraband-1-1024x665.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Morning-Mustering-Contraband-1-300x195.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Morning-Mustering-Contraband-1-scaled-600x390.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Morning-Mustering-Contraband-1-768x499.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Morning-Mustering-Contraband-1-1536x998.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Morning-Mustering-Contraband-1-2048x1330.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_504478-4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">&#8220;Mustering of the &#8216;Contraband&#8217;,&#8221; in <em>Frank Leslie&#8217;s Illustrated Newspaper<\/em> (November 2, 1861)<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_181147\/Myriopticon-front.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1956\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Myriopticon-front-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"A decorated tin match safe with two brown knobs and a worn, painted illustration on the front. The central image shows Union soldiers gathered around a campfire at night, some standing, others sitting or reclining on the ground under leafless trees. The moon glows in the sky behind them, reflecting off a nearby body of water. The scene is framed with ornate designs and vignettes, including women playing instruments and figures in domestic or theatrical settings, suggesting sentimental connections to home during the Civil War.\" class=\"wp-image-13411\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Myriopticon-front-scaled.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Myriopticon-front-scaled-300x229.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Myriopticon-front-scaled-600x458.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_181147\/Myriopticon-front.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">The Myriopticon: A Historical Panorama: The Rebellion (1866)<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-995f960e wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_427774-20\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"674\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Capture-of-Fredericksburg-1-674x1024.jpg\" alt=\"Illustration produced in the North during the Civil War features a tattered U.S. flag waving triumphantly over the scene of a battle. \" class=\"wp-image-13409\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Capture-of-Fredericksburg-1-674x1024.jpg 674w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Capture-of-Fredericksburg-1-scaled-300x456.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Capture-of-Fredericksburg-1-scaled-600x912.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Capture-of-Fredericksburg-1-197x300.jpg 197w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Capture-of-Fredericksburg-1-768x1167.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Capture-of-Fredericksburg-1-1011x1536.jpg 1011w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Capture-of-Fredericksburg-1-1348x2048.jpg 1348w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Capture-of-Fredericksburg-1-scaled.jpg 1685w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 674px) 100vw, 674px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_427774-20\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">&#8220;Capture of the Heights of Fredericksburg,&#8221; in Harper&#8217;s Weekly (May 23, 1863)<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_178644\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"587\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Stereograph-On-the-Battlefield-at-Gettysburg-1024x587.jpg\" alt=\"This stereograph presents two copies of the same photograph, slightly offset, which creates the effect of a three-dimensional image when seen through a handheld viewer. It portrays the aftermath of fighting in Gettysburg in 1863.\" class=\"wp-image-13408\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Stereograph-On-the-Battlefield-at-Gettysburg-1024x587.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Stereograph-On-the-Battlefield-at-Gettysburg-300x172.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Stereograph-On-the-Battlefield-at-Gettysburg-scaled-600x344.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Stereograph-On-the-Battlefield-at-Gettysburg-768x440.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Stereograph-On-the-Battlefield-at-Gettysburg-1536x881.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Stereograph-On-the-Battlefield-at-Gettysburg-2048x1174.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_822514-2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"783\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/George-Deal-portrait-783x1024.jpg\" alt=\"Old photograph of George Deal in uniform holding a rifle. \" class=\"wp-image-13412\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/George-Deal-portrait-783x1024.jpg 783w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/George-Deal-portrait-scaled-300x393.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/George-Deal-portrait-scaled-600x785.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/George-Deal-portrait-229x300.jpg 229w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/George-Deal-portrait-768x1005.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/George-Deal-portrait-1174x1536.jpg 1174w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/George-Deal-portrait-1565x2048.jpg 1565w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/George-Deal-portrait-scaled.jpg 1956w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 783px) 100vw, 783px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_822514-2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">George Deal (1864)<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-995f960e wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_427774-21\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"746\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Homer-News-from-the-war-1-1024x746.jpg\" alt=\"Winslow Homer illustration showing the importance of newspapers and mail to both soldiers and their families.\" class=\"wp-image-13410\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Homer-News-from-the-war-1-1024x746.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Homer-News-from-the-war-1-300x219.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Homer-News-from-the-war-1-scaled-600x437.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Homer-News-from-the-war-1-768x560.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Homer-News-from-the-war-1-1536x1119.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Homer-News-from-the-war-1-2048x1492.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_427774-21\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Winslow Homer, &#8220;News from the War&#8221; in <em>Harper&#8217;s Weekly<\/em> (1862)<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Homefront and Coming Home<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">These illustrations speak to the ways that the war changed the everyday lives of civilians in the North and depict how, after the war&#8217;s end, many women and children at home had to cope with the loss of loved ones or the return of their sons, fathers, husbands, and brothers with significant physical and psychological wounds. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-995f960e wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_427774-19\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1703\" height=\"2270\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Homer-Filling-Cartridges-1-scaled-edited.jpg\" alt=\"The 1861 cover of the newspaper shows men, on the bottom half of the page, filling paper cartridges with gunpowder. Women, on the top half, inserting the bullets.\" class=\"wp-image-23255\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Homer-Filling-Cartridges-1-scaled-edited.jpg 1703w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Homer-Filling-Cartridges-1-scaled-edited-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Homer-Filling-Cartridges-1-scaled-edited-768x1024.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Homer-Filling-Cartridges-1-scaled-edited-1152x1536.jpg 1152w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Homer-Filling-Cartridges-1-scaled-edited-1536x2048.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1703px) 100vw, 1703px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_427774-19\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Winslow Homer, &#8220;Filling Cartridges at the United States Arsenal at Watertown, Massachusetts&#8221; in <em>Harper&#8217;s Weekly<\/em> (July 20, 1861)<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_427774-21\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"746\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Homer-News-from-the-war-1-1024x746.jpg\" alt=\"Winslow Homer illustration showing the importance of newspapers and mail to both soldiers and their families.\" class=\"wp-image-13410\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Homer-News-from-the-war-1-1024x746.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Homer-News-from-the-war-1-300x219.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Homer-News-from-the-war-1-scaled-600x437.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Homer-News-from-the-war-1-768x560.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Homer-News-from-the-war-1-1536x1119.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Homer-News-from-the-war-1-2048x1492.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_427774-21\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Winslow Homer, &#8220;News from the War&#8221; in <em>Harper&#8217;s Weekly<\/em> (1862)<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Homer-on-guard-scaled.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"771\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Homer-on-guard-771x1024.jpg\" alt=\"Colorful painting of a man sitting on logs looking out onto a field. \" class=\"wp-image-13402\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Homer-on-guard-771x1024.jpg 771w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Homer-on-guard-scaled-300x399.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Homer-on-guard-scaled-600x798.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Homer-on-guard-226x300.jpg 226w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Homer-on-guard-768x1021.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Homer-on-guard-1156x1536.jpg 1156w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Homer-on-guard-1541x2048.jpg 1541w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Homer-on-guard-scaled.jpg 1926w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 771px) 100vw, 771px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Homer-on-guard-scaled.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Winslow Homer, <em>On Guard<\/em>, Terra Foundation for American Art (1864)<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-995f960e wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_427774-18\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"843\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Homer-Our-Watering-Places-1-1024x843.jpg\" alt=\"This illustration of a couple at a seaside resort after the Civil War suggests the enduring impact of the war on social and, particularly, gender roles.\" class=\"wp-image-13405\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Homer-Our-Watering-Places-1-1024x843.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Homer-Our-Watering-Places-1-300x247.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Homer-Our-Watering-Places-1-scaled-600x494.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Homer-Our-Watering-Places-1-768x632.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Homer-Our-Watering-Places-1-1536x1265.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Homer-Our-Watering-Places-1-2048x1686.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_427774-18\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Winslow Homer, &#8220;Our Watering-Places&#8211;The Empty Sleeve at Newport&#8221; (August 26, 1865)<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_581630\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"713\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Suffering-Heroes-1-713x1024.jpg\" alt=\"This image of two Civil War veterans illustrates the losses suffered even by those who survived warfare and points to the challenges of returning to civilian life.\" class=\"wp-image-13399\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Suffering-Heroes-1-713x1024.jpg 713w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Suffering-Heroes-1-scaled-300x431.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Suffering-Heroes-1-scaled-600x862.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Suffering-Heroes-1-209x300.jpg 209w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Suffering-Heroes-1-768x1103.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Suffering-Heroes-1-1069x1536.jpg 1069w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Suffering-Heroes-1-1426x2048.jpg 1426w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Suffering-Heroes-1-scaled.jpg 1782w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 713px) 100vw, 713px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_581630\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Vaningen and Snider, &#8220;Suffering Heroes&#8221; in <em>The Mother&#8217;s Journal and Family Visitant<\/em> (1865)<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Patriotic Iconography<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">These images offer a glimpse into the mass production and popularity of patriotic illustrations with representations of the U.S. flag in the North during the Civil War.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-995f960e wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Church-banner-in-the-sky-scaled.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"666\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Church-banner-in-the-sky-1024x666.jpg\" alt=\"Renowned landscape painter Frederic Edwin Church created this work in response to the Confederate attack on Fort Sumter, South Carolina, on April 12, 1861. The painting is the American flag blending into the sunset. \" class=\"wp-image-13403\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Church-banner-in-the-sky-1024x666.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Church-banner-in-the-sky-300x195.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Church-banner-in-the-sky-scaled-600x390.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Church-banner-in-the-sky-768x500.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Church-banner-in-the-sky-1536x999.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Church-banner-in-the-sky-2048x1332.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Church-banner-in-the-sky-scaled.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Frederic Edwin Church, <em>Our Banner in the Sky<\/em>, Terra Foundation for American Art (1861)<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_467318\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1965\" height=\"1965\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Bonnie-flag-cover-1-scaled-edited.jpg\" alt=\"Cover page of sheet music from the Civil War North featuring an illustration of the U.S. flag.\" class=\"wp-image-23256\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Bonnie-flag-cover-1-scaled-edited.jpg 1965w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Bonnie-flag-cover-1-scaled-edited-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Bonnie-flag-cover-1-scaled-edited-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Bonnie-flag-cover-1-scaled-edited-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Bonnie-flag-cover-1-scaled-edited-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Bonnie-flag-cover-1-scaled-edited-1536x1536.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1965px) 100vw, 1965px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_467318\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">James Lorraine Geddes, <em>The Bonnie Flag<\/em> (1863)<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_822514\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"830\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/George-Deal-Letter-to-Sarah-1-1024x830.jpg\" alt=\"Union soldier George Deal, stationed at Camp Dennison, near Cincinnati, Ohio, letter to his wife, Sarah, in Columbus, writes about his longing for home and the comforts of family meals.\" class=\"wp-image-13400\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/George-Deal-Letter-to-Sarah-1-1024x830.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/George-Deal-Letter-to-Sarah-1-300x243.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/George-Deal-Letter-to-Sarah-1-scaled-600x487.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/George-Deal-Letter-to-Sarah-1-768x623.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/George-Deal-Letter-to-Sarah-1-1536x1245.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/George-Deal-Letter-to-Sarah-1-2048x1661.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_822514\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">George Deal to Sarah Deal, 1 (November 9, 1862)<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-995f960e wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_427774-20\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"674\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Capture-of-Fredericksburg-1-674x1024.jpg\" alt=\"Illustration produced in the North during the Civil War features a tattered U.S. flag waving triumphantly over the scene of a battle. \" class=\"wp-image-13409\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Capture-of-Fredericksburg-1-674x1024.jpg 674w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Capture-of-Fredericksburg-1-scaled-300x456.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Capture-of-Fredericksburg-1-scaled-600x912.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Capture-of-Fredericksburg-1-197x300.jpg 197w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Capture-of-Fredericksburg-1-768x1167.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Capture-of-Fredericksburg-1-1011x1536.jpg 1011w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Capture-of-Fredericksburg-1-1348x2048.jpg 1348w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Capture-of-Fredericksburg-1-scaled.jpg 1685w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 674px) 100vw, 674px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_427774-20\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">&#8220;Capture of the Heights of Fredericksburg,&#8221; in <em>Harper&#8217;s Weekly <\/em>(May 23, 1863)<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__nav-link\"><span class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__title-wrapper\"><a href=\"#\"><span class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__title\">Further Reading<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__tab-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__tab-content\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Further Reading<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Brownlee, Peter John and Daniel Greene, curators. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.newberry.org\/09272013-home-front-daily-life-civil-war-north\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Home Front: Daily Life in the Civil War North<\/a>. Exhibition co-organized by the Newberry Library and the Terra Foundation for American Art. 2013.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Burns, Sarah and Daniel Greene. \u201cThe Home at War, the War at Home: The Visual Culture of the Northern Home Front\u201d in <em>Home Front: Daily Life in the Civil War North<\/em> (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2013). 1\u201311.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Burns, Sarah and Daniel Greene. \u201c<a rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com\/2014\/02\/27\/the-toys-of-war\/?_php=true&amp;_type=blogs&amp;_r=0\">The Toys of War<\/a>.\u201d <em>New York Times<\/em> (February 27, 2014). <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Goodheart, Adam. \u201cForeward: Picturing War\u201d in <em>Home Front: Daily Life in the Civil War North<\/em> (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2013). xv-xx.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Gugliotta, Guy. \u201cNew Estimate Raises Civil War Death Toll.\u201d <em>New York Times<\/em> (April 2, 2012).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Terra Foundation for American Art. <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/civilwarinart.org\/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Civil War in Art: Teaching and Learning through Chicago Collections<\/a>. 2012.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>How did images shape the meaning of the war for people at home and the meaning of the home during wartime?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":13411,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[83,164],"tags":[167,165],"class_list":["post-14425","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-19th-century","category-collection-essays","tag-arts","tag-us-history"],"blocksy_meta":{"styles_descriptor":{"styles":{"desktop":"","tablet":"","mobile":""},"google_fonts":[],"version":6}},"acf":[],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Myriopticon-front-scaled.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14425","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=14425"}],"version-history":[{"count":27,"href":"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14425\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":24164,"href":"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14425\/revisions\/24164"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/13411"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=14425"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=14425"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=14425"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}