{"id":14499,"date":"2012-09-14T18:07:18","date_gmt":"2012-09-14T18:07:18","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/173.230.141.246\/dcc\/wpdemo\/?p=14499"},"modified":"2025-11-13T17:46:11","modified_gmt":"2025-11-13T17:46:11","slug":"faith-in-the-city-religion-and-urban-life-in-chicago-1870-1920","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/?p=14499","title":{"rendered":"Faith in the City: Religion and Urban Life in Chicago, 1870-1920"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs\" data-active-tab=\"0\"><ul class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__nav-links\"><\/ul>\n<div class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__nav-link\"><span class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__title-wrapper\"><a href=\"#\"><span class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__title\">Essay<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__tab-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__tab-content\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Introduction<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignleft size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_787934-2\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"657\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/F_616_.978__The_Ghetto__pg._153__woodcut__Street_Musicians-657x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-13178\" style=\"width:189px;height:295px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/F_616_.978__The_Ghetto__pg._153__woodcut__Street_Musicians-657x1024.jpg 657w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/F_616_.978__The_Ghetto__pg._153__woodcut__Street_Musicians-300x467.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/F_616_.978__The_Ghetto__pg._153__woodcut__Street_Musicians-600x935.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/F_616_.978__The_Ghetto__pg._153__woodcut__Street_Musicians-193x300.jpg 193w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/F_616_.978__The_Ghetto__pg._153__woodcut__Street_Musicians-768x1196.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/F_616_.978__The_Ghetto__pg._153__woodcut__Street_Musicians.jpg 963w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 657px) 100vw, 657px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_787934-2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Todros Geller, &#8220;Street Musicians,&#8221; in <em>The Ghetto<\/em> by Louis Wirth, 153 (1928).<\/a> See full excerpt below.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In the fifty years between the Civil War and World War I, the United States experienced a dramatic transformation. In 1870, three-quarters of the population lived in rural areas; by 1920, over half the nation lived in cities. This rapid urbanization was fueled by European immigration and the migration of rural, native-born residents who flocked to cities to work in factories. As a result, cities across the country exploded in size. Chicago\u2019s population, for example, ballooned from just under 300,000 in 1870 to over 2.7 million in 1920. This demographic explosion brought with it a remarkable religious diversity. Catholics, Protestants, and Jews lived together in close proximity few had experienced before. Moreover, the rapid arrival of newcomers from across the globe brought new kinds of diversity to religious communities themselves. Irish Catholics, for example, not only had to learn how to coexist with European Jews and white and black Protestants from the American South and Midwest, but also with other Catholics from Italy, Poland, Hungary, and elsewhere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_143492-2\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"627\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Case_BX4603.C5_H635__Holy_Family_Parish__pg.608-1024x627.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-13192\" style=\"width:308px;height:188px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Case_BX4603.C5_H635__Holy_Family_Parish__pg.608-1024x627.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Case_BX4603.C5_H635__Holy_Family_Parish__pg.608-300x184.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Case_BX4603.C5_H635__Holy_Family_Parish__pg.608-600x367.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Case_BX4603.C5_H635__Holy_Family_Parish__pg.608-768x470.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Case_BX4603.C5_H635__Holy_Family_Parish__pg.608-1536x940.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Case_BX4603.C5_H635__Holy_Family_Parish__pg.608.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_143492-2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Thomas Mulkerins, &#8220;Young Men&#8217;s Sodality Baseball Club, 1910 Champions&#8221; (1910)<\/a><br>Full excerpt below.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Chicago\u2019s religious diversity posed a number of challenges. Migrants and newcomers had to consider how, if at all, their religious traditions, customs, and institutions would follow them to the city. Religious leaders and ordinary people alike worried that certain practices or communities could not survive the city\u2019s industrial rhythms and myriad distractions. How, for example, would Sabbath observance persist in cities where business and recreation occurred seven days a week? How would churches, synagogues, and parishes thrive in new urban spaces like the vice district, immigrant ghetto, or industrial slum? How, in short, would religious communities change their inherited traditions in the midst of new surroundings?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">At the moment of the city\u2019s ascendance in American life, many observers and religious leaders claimed that urban living would destroy religious life. Some early scholars of American religious history would largely agree that cities were secular spaces that contributed to religion\u2019s decline. More recently, however, using sources like the documents collected here, scholars have argued that the city was a space of religious innovation, rather than decay. Many of Chicago\u2019s religious communities creatively engaged the challenges presented by urban life. Some altered or adapted existing rituals; others reaffirmed traditional beliefs in new or more fervent ways; and some generated entirely new religious ideas and practices. All, however, found ample space within the city to fashion their religious lives.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Please consider the following questions as you review documents:<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>What religious ritual, practice, or belief does each document discuss? What roles do family cohesion, ethnic identity, and social morality play in these practices? How does living in the city challenge these rituals?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>How do the individuals and communities here negotiate the tensions between their religious practices and urban lives? Do they alter their traditions? Refuse to accommodate? Or do they invent new practices? What reasons do the authors here give for their decisions?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>In addition to the religious motivations behind these decisions, what role do social and economic considerations play? According to the authors, in what ways do religious practices promote or hinder economic advancement and social mobility?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>What are the relationships between religious communities and different kinds of urban space? What role does religious affiliation play in the shaping of neighborhoods or other forms of community? How does the existence of nonresidential spaces like Chicago\u2019s downtown \u201cLoop,\u201d vice districts, or factory sites influence these writers?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>How do the experiences of the different religious communities covered here compare? How are their engagements with the challenges of urban life similar? Where are they unique? How, for example, does the debate among Chicago\u2019s Jews over the Sabbath compare with Protestant concerns over evangelization? What accounts for these similarities and differences?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Brick and Mortar: Catholicism in Chicago<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignleft size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_892331\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"783\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/map6F_G4104_.C6E423_1926_D3__Daprato_Map_of_Chicago_1-783x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-13190\" style=\"width:270px;height:353px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/map6F_G4104_.C6E423_1926_D3__Daprato_Map_of_Chicago_1-783x1024.jpg 783w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/map6F_G4104_.C6E423_1926_D3__Daprato_Map_of_Chicago_1-300x392.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/map6F_G4104_.C6E423_1926_D3__Daprato_Map_of_Chicago_1-600x785.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/map6F_G4104_.C6E423_1926_D3__Daprato_Map_of_Chicago_1-229x300.jpg 229w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/map6F_G4104_.C6E423_1926_D3__Daprato_Map_of_Chicago_1-768x1004.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/map6F_G4104_.C6E423_1926_D3__Daprato_Map_of_Chicago_1.jpg 1147w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 783px) 100vw, 783px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_892331\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Daprato Map of Chicago Showing the Location of all Catholic Parishes (1926)<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Catholics have long had an imprint upon Chicago\u2019s history. The area\u2019s first non-Native American resident was an Afro-French fur trader named Jean Baptiste Point DuSable who settled on the Chicago River in the 1790s. Catholics have also been Chicago\u2019s largest religious community throughout much of the city\u2019s history. Immigrants from Ireland and Germany comprised the city\u2019s first Catholic community, establishing twenty-two \u201cterritorial\u201d parishes in the thirty years after the Archdiocese of Chicago\u2019s creation in 1843. These territorial parishes were open to all Catholics within a defined geographic area and thrived during Chicago\u2019s early years. The rapid arrival of immigrants from Italy, Poland, and other parts of Southern and Eastern Europe, however, radically transformed Chicago\u2019s Catholic communities. Finding work and preserving ethnic heritage were the most pressing concerns for these largely unskilled newcomers. Many preferred to worship and associate with their ethnic brethren. The Archdiocese responded by reluctantly allowing the formation of \u201cnational\u201d parishes where membership was based upon one\u2019s country of origin and not current residential location.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_562638\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Selection: George Mundelein, &#8220;Address at the Dedication of the New School in St. Edmund&#8217;s Parish in Oak Park, Illinois&#8221; (1917).<\/a><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow aligncenter\" data-effect=\"slide\"><div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_container swiper\"><ul class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_swiper-wrapper swiper-wrapper\"><li class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_slide swiper-slide\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"738\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_image wp-image-13189\" data-id=\"13189\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/D_409_.603__Two_crowded_years__being_selected_addresses__pg.72-73_1-1024x738.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/D_409_.603__Two_crowded_years__being_selected_addresses__pg.72-73_1-1024x738.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/D_409_.603__Two_crowded_years__being_selected_addresses__pg.72-73_1-600x432.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/D_409_.603__Two_crowded_years__being_selected_addresses__pg.72-73_1-300x216.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/D_409_.603__Two_crowded_years__being_selected_addresses__pg.72-73_1-768x553.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/D_409_.603__Two_crowded_years__being_selected_addresses__pg.72-73_1-1536x1107.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/D_409_.603__Two_crowded_years__being_selected_addresses__pg.72-73_1.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_caption gallery-caption\">George Mundelein, &#8220;Address at the Dedication of the New School at St. Edmund&#8217;s Parish in Oak Park, Illinois,&#8221; in Two Crowded Years, 72-73 (1917)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_slide swiper-slide\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"729\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_image wp-image-17173\" data-id=\"17173\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/D_409_.603__Two_crowded_years__being_selected_addresses__pg.74-75_1-1024x729.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/D_409_.603__Two_crowded_years__being_selected_addresses__pg.74-75_1-1024x729.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/D_409_.603__Two_crowded_years__being_selected_addresses__pg.74-75_1-600x427.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/D_409_.603__Two_crowded_years__being_selected_addresses__pg.74-75_1-300x214.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/D_409_.603__Two_crowded_years__being_selected_addresses__pg.74-75_1-768x547.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/D_409_.603__Two_crowded_years__being_selected_addresses__pg.74-75_1-1536x1094.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/D_409_.603__Two_crowded_years__being_selected_addresses__pg.74-75_1-140x100.jpg 140w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/D_409_.603__Two_crowded_years__being_selected_addresses__pg.74-75_1.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_caption gallery-caption\">George Mundelein, &#8220;Address at the Dedication of the New School at St. Edmund&#8217;s Parish in Oak Park, Illinois,&#8221; in Two Crowded Years, 74-75 (1917)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><\/ul><a class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_button-prev swiper-button-prev swiper-button-white\" role=\"button\"><\/a><a class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_button-next swiper-button-next swiper-button-white\" role=\"button\"><\/a><a aria-label=\"Pause Slideshow\" class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_button-pause\" role=\"button\"><\/a><div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_pagination swiper-pagination swiper-pagination-white\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The documents here provide a glimpse into Chicago\u2019s parish life at the turn of the century. Holy Family is the city\u2019s second oldest Catholic Church, organized as a territorial parish in 1857 on Chicago\u2019s near West Side. St.&nbsp;Boniface parish, on the other hand, was from its founding in 1862 a church for German immigrants staffed by German priests. The Daprato map, published by the Archdioceses to celebrate its hosting of the 1926 International Eucharistic Congress, continues to underscore the ethnic nature of Catholicism in Chicago. Meanwhile, the address by Cardinal George Mundelein (1872\u20131939), Archbishop of Chicago from 1915 through 1939, reveals some of the tensions that existed between old immigrants who ran Chicago\u2019s Archdiocese and the new immigrants who filled the churches. An American-born son of German immigrants, Mundelein argued that parishes should be places where immigrants adopt their new identities as American, not reaffirm their foreignness. Throughout his tenure as Archbishop of Chicago, Mundelein would lead a campaign to return to territorial parishes over national ones. His efforts had decidedly mixed results.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Selection: Thomas Mulkerins, <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_143492\" target=\"_blank\">&#8220;Married Men&#8217;s Sodality&#8221;<\/a> and  <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_143492-2\" target=\"_blank\">&#8220;Young Men&#8217;s Sodality Baseball Club&#8221;<\/a> in <em>Holy Family Parish Chicago: Priests and People<\/em> (1923).<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow aligncenter\" data-effect=\"slide\"><div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_container swiper\"><ul class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_swiper-wrapper swiper-wrapper\"><li class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_slide swiper-slide\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"636\" height=\"1024\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_image wp-image-13181\" data-id=\"13181\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Case_BX4603.C5_H635__Holy_Family_Parish__pg._547-636x1024.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Case_BX4603.C5_H635__Holy_Family_Parish__pg._547-636x1024.jpg 636w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Case_BX4603.C5_H635__Holy_Family_Parish__pg._547-300x483.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Case_BX4603.C5_H635__Holy_Family_Parish__pg._547-600x966.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Case_BX4603.C5_H635__Holy_Family_Parish__pg._547-186x300.jpg 186w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Case_BX4603.C5_H635__Holy_Family_Parish__pg._547-768x1236.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Case_BX4603.C5_H635__Holy_Family_Parish__pg._547.jpg 932w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 636px) 100vw, 636px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_caption gallery-caption\">Thomas Mulkerins, Holy Family Parish, Chicago: Priests and People, 547 (1923)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_slide swiper-slide\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"817\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_image wp-image-17172\" data-id=\"17172\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Case_BX4603.C5_H635__Holy_Family_Parish__pg._548-549-1024x817.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Case_BX4603.C5_H635__Holy_Family_Parish__pg._548-549-1024x817.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Case_BX4603.C5_H635__Holy_Family_Parish__pg._548-549-600x479.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Case_BX4603.C5_H635__Holy_Family_Parish__pg._548-549-300x239.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Case_BX4603.C5_H635__Holy_Family_Parish__pg._548-549-768x613.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Case_BX4603.C5_H635__Holy_Family_Parish__pg._548-549-1536x1226.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Case_BX4603.C5_H635__Holy_Family_Parish__pg._548-549.jpg 1879w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_caption gallery-caption\">Thomas Mulkerins, Holy Family Parish, Chicago: Priests and People, 548-549 (1923)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_slide swiper-slide\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"627\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_image wp-image-13192\" data-id=\"13192\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Case_BX4603.C5_H635__Holy_Family_Parish__pg.608-1024x627.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Case_BX4603.C5_H635__Holy_Family_Parish__pg.608-1024x627.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Case_BX4603.C5_H635__Holy_Family_Parish__pg.608-300x184.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Case_BX4603.C5_H635__Holy_Family_Parish__pg.608-600x367.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Case_BX4603.C5_H635__Holy_Family_Parish__pg.608-768x470.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Case_BX4603.C5_H635__Holy_Family_Parish__pg.608-1536x940.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Case_BX4603.C5_H635__Holy_Family_Parish__pg.608.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_caption gallery-caption\">Thomas Mulkerins, Young Men&#8217;s Sodality Baseball Club, 1910 Champions (1910 <\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><\/ul><a class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_button-prev swiper-button-prev swiper-button-white\" role=\"button\"><\/a><a class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_button-next swiper-button-next swiper-button-white\" role=\"button\"><\/a><a aria-label=\"Pause Slideshow\" class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_button-pause\" role=\"button\"><\/a><div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_pagination swiper-pagination swiper-pagination-white\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Selection: F. L. Kalveage, <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_121434\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">&#8220;The Young Ladies&#8217; Sodality&#8221;<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_121434-2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">&#8220;St. Boniface Young Ladies&#8217; Society&#8221;<\/a> in <em>The Annals of St. Boniface Parish<\/em> (1926).<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-995f960e wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow aligncenter\" data-effect=\"slide\"><div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_container swiper\"><ul class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_swiper-wrapper swiper-wrapper\"><li class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_slide swiper-slide\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"664\" height=\"1024\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_image wp-image-13180\" data-id=\"13180\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/BX4603.C5_S2954__Annals_of_St._Boniface_Parish__pg.205-664x1024.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/BX4603.C5_S2954__Annals_of_St._Boniface_Parish__pg.205-664x1024.jpg 664w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/BX4603.C5_S2954__Annals_of_St._Boniface_Parish__pg.205-300x463.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/BX4603.C5_S2954__Annals_of_St._Boniface_Parish__pg.205-600x925.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/BX4603.C5_S2954__Annals_of_St._Boniface_Parish__pg.205-195x300.jpg 195w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/BX4603.C5_S2954__Annals_of_St._Boniface_Parish__pg.205-768x1184.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/BX4603.C5_S2954__Annals_of_St._Boniface_Parish__pg.205.jpg 858w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 664px) 100vw, 664px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_caption gallery-caption\">F. L. Kalveage, The Annals of St. Boniface Parish, 1862\u20131926, 205 (1926)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_slide swiper-slide\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"690\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_image wp-image-13191\" data-id=\"13191\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/BX4603.C5_S2954__Annals_of_St._Boniface_Parish__pg.206-1024x690.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/BX4603.C5_S2954__Annals_of_St._Boniface_Parish__pg.206-1024x690.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/BX4603.C5_S2954__Annals_of_St._Boniface_Parish__pg.206-600x404.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/BX4603.C5_S2954__Annals_of_St._Boniface_Parish__pg.206-300x202.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/BX4603.C5_S2954__Annals_of_St._Boniface_Parish__pg.206-768x517.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/BX4603.C5_S2954__Annals_of_St._Boniface_Parish__pg.206-1536x1034.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/BX4603.C5_S2954__Annals_of_St._Boniface_Parish__pg.206.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_caption gallery-caption\">F. L. Kalveage, &#8220;St. Boniface Young Ladies&#8217; Society&#8221; (June 12, 1897)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><\/ul><a class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_button-prev swiper-button-prev swiper-button-white\" role=\"button\"><\/a><a class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_button-next swiper-button-next swiper-button-white\" role=\"button\"><\/a><a aria-label=\"Pause Slideshow\" class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_button-pause\" role=\"button\"><\/a><div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_pagination swiper-pagination swiper-pagination-white\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Questions to consider:<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>What is the relationship between parish life and the preservation of ethnic culture?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>On the Daprato map, how do ethnicity, community, and religiosity overlap?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Describe the activities and objectives of the sodalities, or devotional societies, described in Holy Family and St.&nbsp;Boniface\u2019s parish histories. What are their religious purposes? What are their social roles? How do the men and women\u2019s sodalities differ?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>According to Mundelein, what is the parish school\u2019s role in American Catholic life?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>What role does economic advancement and social mobility play in the functioning of the parish school and sodality?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">A Chosen People in a Strange Land: Chicago&#8217;s Jewish Communities<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Jewish immigrants from German lands established an institutional presence in Chicago during the 1840s. It was the influx of immigrants from Eastern Europe between 1881 and 1924, however, that transformed the Jewish population of Chicago. By the early 1930s, Chicago had the third largest Jewish population of any city in the world, trailing only New York and Warsaw. Questions surrounding Jews\u2019 acculturation to the rapidly growing city preoccupied Jewish communities. These three sources\u2014a sermon by a rabbi, a memoir by a Jewish immigrant, and woodcut illustrations by an immigrant published in an important sociological analysis of Jewish Chicago\u2014speak to a range of concerns about how Jewish traditions and customs might endure amid pressures to assimilate. In particular, the fact that the Jewish Sabbath (beginning Friday at sundown and ending Saturday at sundown) does not coincide with the more widely recognized Christian Sabbath on Sunday caused particular stresses to Jews both as individuals and as communities. The issues that arose around conflicting Sabbaths were not only religious in nature but also social and economic.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Selection: Todros Geller, <em>Yiddish Life<\/em> woodcuts:  <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_787934\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">&#8220;Talmudic Student,&#8221;<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_787934-2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">&#8220;Street Musicians,&#8221;<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_787934-3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">&#8220;Maxwell Street,&#8221;<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_787934-4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">&#8220;Horseradish Grinder&#8221;<\/a> (1928).<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow aligncenter\" data-effect=\"slide\"><div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_container swiper\"><ul class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_swiper-wrapper swiper-wrapper\"><li class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_slide swiper-slide\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"700\" height=\"1024\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_image wp-image-13177\" data-id=\"13177\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/F_616_.978__The_Ghetto__pg._28__woodcut__Talmudic_student-700x1024.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/F_616_.978__The_Ghetto__pg._28__woodcut__Talmudic_student-700x1024.jpg 700w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/F_616_.978__The_Ghetto__pg._28__woodcut__Talmudic_student-300x439.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/F_616_.978__The_Ghetto__pg._28__woodcut__Talmudic_student-600x878.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/F_616_.978__The_Ghetto__pg._28__woodcut__Talmudic_student-205x300.jpg 205w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/F_616_.978__The_Ghetto__pg._28__woodcut__Talmudic_student-768x1124.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/F_616_.978__The_Ghetto__pg._28__woodcut__Talmudic_student.jpg 1025w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_caption gallery-caption\">Todros Geller, &#8220;Talmudic Student,&#8221; in The Ghetto by Louis Wirth, 28 (1928)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_slide swiper-slide\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"657\" height=\"1024\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_image wp-image-13178\" data-id=\"13178\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/F_616_.978__The_Ghetto__pg._153__woodcut__Street_Musicians-657x1024.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/F_616_.978__The_Ghetto__pg._153__woodcut__Street_Musicians-657x1024.jpg 657w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/F_616_.978__The_Ghetto__pg._153__woodcut__Street_Musicians-300x467.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/F_616_.978__The_Ghetto__pg._153__woodcut__Street_Musicians-600x935.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/F_616_.978__The_Ghetto__pg._153__woodcut__Street_Musicians-193x300.jpg 193w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/F_616_.978__The_Ghetto__pg._153__woodcut__Street_Musicians-768x1196.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/F_616_.978__The_Ghetto__pg._153__woodcut__Street_Musicians.jpg 963w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 657px) 100vw, 657px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_caption gallery-caption\">Todros Geller, &#8220;Street Musicians,&#8221; in The Ghetto by Louis Wirth, 153 (1928)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_slide swiper-slide\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"668\" height=\"1024\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_image wp-image-13179\" data-id=\"13179\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/F_616_.978__The_Ghetto__pg._194__woodcut__Maxwell_St__Chicago-668x1024.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/F_616_.978__The_Ghetto__pg._194__woodcut__Maxwell_St__Chicago-668x1024.jpg 668w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/F_616_.978__The_Ghetto__pg._194__woodcut__Maxwell_St__Chicago-300x460.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/F_616_.978__The_Ghetto__pg._194__woodcut__Maxwell_St__Chicago-600x919.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/F_616_.978__The_Ghetto__pg._194__woodcut__Maxwell_St__Chicago-196x300.jpg 196w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/F_616_.978__The_Ghetto__pg._194__woodcut__Maxwell_St__Chicago-768x1177.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/F_616_.978__The_Ghetto__pg._194__woodcut__Maxwell_St__Chicago.jpg 979w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 668px) 100vw, 668px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_caption gallery-caption\">Todros Geller, &#8220;Maxwell Street,&#8221; in The Ghetto by Louis Wirth, 194 (1928)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_slide swiper-slide\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"638\" height=\"1024\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_image wp-image-13187\" data-id=\"13187\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/F_616_.978__The_Ghetto__pg._262__woodcut__Horseradish_Grinder-638x1024.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/F_616_.978__The_Ghetto__pg._262__woodcut__Horseradish_Grinder-638x1024.jpg 638w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/F_616_.978__The_Ghetto__pg._262__woodcut__Horseradish_Grinder-300x481.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/F_616_.978__The_Ghetto__pg._262__woodcut__Horseradish_Grinder-600x963.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/F_616_.978__The_Ghetto__pg._262__woodcut__Horseradish_Grinder-187x300.jpg 187w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/F_616_.978__The_Ghetto__pg._262__woodcut__Horseradish_Grinder-768x1232.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/F_616_.978__The_Ghetto__pg._262__woodcut__Horseradish_Grinder.jpg 935w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 638px) 100vw, 638px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_caption gallery-caption\">Todros Geller, &#8220;Horseradish Grinder,&#8221; in The Ghetto by Louis Wirth, 262 (1928)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><\/ul><a class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_button-prev swiper-button-prev swiper-button-white\" role=\"button\"><\/a><a class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_button-next swiper-button-next swiper-button-white\" role=\"button\"><\/a><a aria-label=\"Pause Slideshow\" class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_button-pause\" role=\"button\"><\/a><div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_pagination swiper-pagination swiper-pagination-white\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Rabbi Emil G. Hirsch (1852\u20131923) led Chicago\u2019s Sinai Congregation (Reform) from 1880 through 1923. A national figure because of his particularly dynamic pulpit orations, Hirsch put Sinai at the cutting edge of Reform Judaism and argued that rituals and practices had to adapt to fit modern circumstances. Indeed, Sinai\u2019s policies on observing the Sabbath were seen as radical even within Reform Jewish circles. Hilda Satt Polachek (1882\u20131967) emigrated from Poland to Chicago in 1892. She took classes at Hull-House as a child and maintained an association there as an adult, teaching classes and giving tours. She remained active in social reform causes throughout her life and published poetry, plays, essays, and this memoir <em>I Came a Stranger: The Story of a Hull-House Girl<\/em>. Todros Geller (1899\u20131949) emigrated from Ukraine to Canada in 1906. By 1918, he had settled in Chicago as an artist. His popular portfolio of woodcuts, titled <em>Yiddish Life<\/em>, appeared first in 1926 and were included in University of Chicago sociologist Louis Wirth\u2019s influential 1928 book, <em>The Ghetto<\/em>. His work provides a glimpse into the world of Orthodox Jews, who were generally less willing to alter their ritual practices.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-995f960e wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_86685\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Selection: Hilda Satt Polacheck, <em>I Came a Stranger: The Story of a Hull-House Girl<\/em>, 35-37 (1989).<\/a><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow aligncenter\" data-effect=\"slide\"><div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_container swiper\"><ul class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_swiper-wrapper swiper-wrapper\"><li class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_slide swiper-slide\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"762\" height=\"1024\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_image wp-image-13188\" data-id=\"13188\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/F548.9.J5_P65_1989__I_came_a_stranger__the_story_of_a_Hull-House_girl__pg.35-762x1024.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/F548.9.J5_P65_1989__I_came_a_stranger__the_story_of_a_Hull-House_girl__pg.35-762x1024.jpg 762w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/F548.9.J5_P65_1989__I_came_a_stranger__the_story_of_a_Hull-House_girl__pg.35-300x403.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/F548.9.J5_P65_1989__I_came_a_stranger__the_story_of_a_Hull-House_girl__pg.35-600x806.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/F548.9.J5_P65_1989__I_came_a_stranger__the_story_of_a_Hull-House_girl__pg.35-223x300.jpg 223w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/F548.9.J5_P65_1989__I_came_a_stranger__the_story_of_a_Hull-House_girl__pg.35-768x1032.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/F548.9.J5_P65_1989__I_came_a_stranger__the_story_of_a_Hull-House_girl__pg.35.jpg 1116w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 762px) 100vw, 762px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_caption gallery-caption\">Hilda Satt Polacheck, I Came a Stranger: The Story of a Hull-House Girl, 35 (1989)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_slide swiper-slide\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"728\" alt=\"Hilda SattI Polacheck, I Came a Stranger: The Story of a Hull-House Girl, 36-37 (1989)\" class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_image wp-image-17182\" data-id=\"17182\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/F548.9.J5_P65_1989__I_came_a_stranger__the_story_of_a_Hull-House_girl__pg.36-37-1024x728.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/F548.9.J5_P65_1989__I_came_a_stranger__the_story_of_a_Hull-House_girl__pg.36-37-1024x728.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/F548.9.J5_P65_1989__I_came_a_stranger__the_story_of_a_Hull-House_girl__pg.36-37-600x427.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/F548.9.J5_P65_1989__I_came_a_stranger__the_story_of_a_Hull-House_girl__pg.36-37-300x213.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/F548.9.J5_P65_1989__I_came_a_stranger__the_story_of_a_Hull-House_girl__pg.36-37-768x546.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/F548.9.J5_P65_1989__I_came_a_stranger__the_story_of_a_Hull-House_girl__pg.36-37-1536x1092.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/F548.9.J5_P65_1989__I_came_a_stranger__the_story_of_a_Hull-House_girl__pg.36-37-140x100.jpg 140w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/F548.9.J5_P65_1989__I_came_a_stranger__the_story_of_a_Hull-House_girl__pg.36-37.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_caption gallery-caption\">Hilda Satt Polacheck, I Came a Stranger: The Story of a Hull-House Girl, 36-37 (1989)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><\/ul><a class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_button-prev swiper-button-prev swiper-button-white\" role=\"button\"><\/a><a class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_button-next swiper-button-next swiper-button-white\" role=\"button\"><\/a><a aria-label=\"Pause Slideshow\" class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_button-pause\" role=\"button\"><\/a><div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_pagination swiper-pagination swiper-pagination-white\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_359987\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Selection: Emil G. Hirsch, &#8220;Address by Dr. E. G. Hirsch&#8221; in <em>Report of the services in commemoration of twenty-fifth anniversary of the introduction of Sunday services in Chicago Sinai Congregation January 15, 1899,<\/em> 9-14 (1899).<\/a><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow aligncenter\" data-effect=\"slide\"><div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_container swiper\"><ul class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_swiper-wrapper swiper-wrapper\"><li class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_slide swiper-slide\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"692\" height=\"1024\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_image wp-image-13193\" data-id=\"13193\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/F_6187_.45__Report__Address_by_Dr._E._G._Hirsch__pg.9-692x1024.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/F_6187_.45__Report__Address_by_Dr._E._G._Hirsch__pg.9-692x1024.jpg 692w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/F_6187_.45__Report__Address_by_Dr._E._G._Hirsch__pg.9-300x444.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/F_6187_.45__Report__Address_by_Dr._E._G._Hirsch__pg.9-600x888.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/F_6187_.45__Report__Address_by_Dr._E._G._Hirsch__pg.9-203x300.jpg 203w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/F_6187_.45__Report__Address_by_Dr._E._G._Hirsch__pg.9-768x1136.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/F_6187_.45__Report__Address_by_Dr._E._G._Hirsch__pg.9.jpg 853w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 692px) 100vw, 692px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_caption gallery-caption\">Address by Dr. E. G. Hirsch, in\nReport of the services in commemoration of twenty-fifth anniversary of the introduction of Sunday services in Chicago Sinai Congregation January 15, 1899, 9 (1899)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_slide swiper-slide\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"783\" alt=\"Address by Dr. E. G. Hirsch, 10-11 (1899)\" class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_image wp-image-17180\" data-id=\"17180\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/F_6187_.45__Report__Address_by_Dr._E._G._Hirsch__pg.10-11-1024x783.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/F_6187_.45__Report__Address_by_Dr._E._G._Hirsch__pg.10-11-1024x783.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/F_6187_.45__Report__Address_by_Dr._E._G._Hirsch__pg.10-11-600x459.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/F_6187_.45__Report__Address_by_Dr._E._G._Hirsch__pg.10-11-300x229.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/F_6187_.45__Report__Address_by_Dr._E._G._Hirsch__pg.10-11-768x587.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/F_6187_.45__Report__Address_by_Dr._E._G._Hirsch__pg.10-11-1536x1174.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/F_6187_.45__Report__Address_by_Dr._E._G._Hirsch__pg.10-11.jpg 1588w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_caption gallery-caption\">Address by Dr. E. G. Hirsch, in\nReport of the services in commemoration of twenty-fifth anniversary of the introduction of Sunday services in Chicago Sinai Congregation January 15, 1899, 10-11 (1899)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_slide swiper-slide\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"766\" alt=\"Address by Dr. E. G. Hirsch, Minister, 12-13 (1899)\" class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_image wp-image-17181\" data-id=\"17181\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/F_6187_.45__Report__Address_by_Dr._E._G._Hirsch__pg.12-13-1024x766.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/F_6187_.45__Report__Address_by_Dr._E._G._Hirsch__pg.12-13-1024x766.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/F_6187_.45__Report__Address_by_Dr._E._G._Hirsch__pg.12-13-600x449.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/F_6187_.45__Report__Address_by_Dr._E._G._Hirsch__pg.12-13-300x224.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/F_6187_.45__Report__Address_by_Dr._E._G._Hirsch__pg.12-13-768x574.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/F_6187_.45__Report__Address_by_Dr._E._G._Hirsch__pg.12-13-1536x1149.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/F_6187_.45__Report__Address_by_Dr._E._G._Hirsch__pg.12-13.jpg 1591w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_caption gallery-caption\">Address by Dr. E. G. Hirsch, in\nReport of the services in commemoration of twenty-fifth anniversary of the introduction of Sunday services in Chicago Sinai Congregation January 15, 1899, 12-13 (1899)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_slide swiper-slide\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"674\" height=\"1024\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_image wp-image-17163\" data-id=\"17163\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/F_6187_.45__Report__Address_by_Dr._E._G._Hirsch__pg.14-674x1024.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/F_6187_.45__Report__Address_by_Dr._E._G._Hirsch__pg.14-674x1024.jpg 674w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/F_6187_.45__Report__Address_by_Dr._E._G._Hirsch__pg.14-300x456.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/F_6187_.45__Report__Address_by_Dr._E._G._Hirsch__pg.14-600x912.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/F_6187_.45__Report__Address_by_Dr._E._G._Hirsch__pg.14-197x300.jpg 197w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/F_6187_.45__Report__Address_by_Dr._E._G._Hirsch__pg.14-768x1167.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/F_6187_.45__Report__Address_by_Dr._E._G._Hirsch__pg.14.jpg 829w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 674px) 100vw, 674px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_caption gallery-caption\">Address by Dr. E. G. Hirsch, in\nReport of the services in commemoration of twenty-fifth anniversary of the introduction of Sunday services in Chicago Sinai Congregation January 15, 1899, 14 (1899)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><\/ul><a class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_button-prev swiper-button-prev swiper-button-white\" role=\"button\"><\/a><a class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_button-next swiper-button-next swiper-button-white\" role=\"button\"><\/a><a aria-label=\"Pause Slideshow\" class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_button-pause\" role=\"button\"><\/a><div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_pagination swiper-pagination swiper-pagination-white\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Questions to consider:<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>How does Rabbi Hirsch reconcile the fact that \u201cthe Sabbath idea is cardinal to Judaism\u201d with his desire to adapt Sabbath practices?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Rabbi Hirsch often mentions Jews\u2019 \u201cmission\u201d in this sermon. What did he want his audience to understand about Jews\u2019 mission? How does this concept of mission illuminate Hirsch\u2019s thoughts about religious pluralism in America? (It may help to know that Jews traditionally do not believe in proselytizing.)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>How do labor and religious practice become intertwined in Jewish immigrants\u2019 lives, according to Polachek? Would Rabbi Hirsch and Polachek\u2019s father agree on the limits of Jewish assimilation?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>How do Geller\u2019s woodcuts depict Jewish individuals and Jewish communities? What information do these woodcuts convey about labor, commerce, and religion in modern urban cities?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">To Save the City: Protestant Responses to Urbanization<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_723140\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"743\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/D_8896_.16__Pacific_Garden_Mission__Annual_Report__1896__pg._12-13-1024x743.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-13176\" style=\"width:291px;height:211px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/D_8896_.16__Pacific_Garden_Mission__Annual_Report__1896__pg._12-13-1024x743.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/D_8896_.16__Pacific_Garden_Mission__Annual_Report__1896__pg._12-13-600x435.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/D_8896_.16__Pacific_Garden_Mission__Annual_Report__1896__pg._12-13-300x218.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/D_8896_.16__Pacific_Garden_Mission__Annual_Report__1896__pg._12-13-768x557.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/D_8896_.16__Pacific_Garden_Mission__Annual_Report__1896__pg._12-13-1536x1114.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/D_8896_.16__Pacific_Garden_Mission__Annual_Report__1896__pg._12-13.jpg 1808w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_723140\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Pacific Garden Mission, &#8220;God is Love&#8221; (1896)<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">At the turn of the twentieth century, the majority of Chicago\u2019s Protestants were broadly evangelical in nature. With the exception of Lutherans who hailed from Germany and Scandinavia, most were white, native-born migrants from New England and the Midwest. Their religious beliefs were forged in the revivals of First and Second Great Awakenings. Despite their denominational differences, Methodist, Presbyterian, Congregationalist, and Baptist churches alike all agreed upon certain essential doctrines such as a belief in the Bible\u2019s divine origins. Paramount, however, was a belief that it was the duty of every Protestant Christian to evangelize, or proselytize, nonbelievers to their faith. Through church activity and mission work, evangelical Protestants hoped that the Gospel message, or the story of Jesus as recorded in the Bible, would convert the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignleft size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_723140-3\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"679\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/D_8896_.16__Pacific_Garden_Mission__Annual_Report__1896__pg._23-1024x679.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-13186\" style=\"width:315px;height:209px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/D_8896_.16__Pacific_Garden_Mission__Annual_Report__1896__pg._23-1024x679.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/D_8896_.16__Pacific_Garden_Mission__Annual_Report__1896__pg._23-600x398.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/D_8896_.16__Pacific_Garden_Mission__Annual_Report__1896__pg._23-300x199.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/D_8896_.16__Pacific_Garden_Mission__Annual_Report__1896__pg._23-768x509.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/D_8896_.16__Pacific_Garden_Mission__Annual_Report__1896__pg._23-1536x1018.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/D_8896_.16__Pacific_Garden_Mission__Annual_Report__1896__pg._23.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_723140-3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Pacific Garden Mission, &#8220;The Gospel Wagon&#8221; (1896)<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Chicago\u2019s demographic, cultural, and religious transformation at the turn of the century posed a number of challenges to this evangelical mission. The city\u2019s ethnic diversity made communication, much less evangelization, difficult for native-born Protestant ministers. Even more challenging were the social conditions in some parts of the city. Some ministers argued that the overcrowded, industrial neighborhoods where many immigrants lived were not conducive to the establishment of Protestant churches. Others found the concentration of saloons and brothels in vice districts such as the city\u2019s notorious \u201cLevee\u201d an affront to Protestant moral standards.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_723140-2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Selection: Pacific Garden Mission, <em>Report of the Work of the Eighteenth Year of the Pacific Garden Mission Ending September 15th, 1895<\/em> (1895).<\/a><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow aligncenter\" data-effect=\"slide\"><div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_container swiper\"><ul class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_swiper-wrapper swiper-wrapper\"><li class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_slide swiper-slide\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"724\" height=\"1024\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_image wp-image-13185\" data-id=\"13185\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/D_8896_.16__Annual_report___Pacific_Garden_Mission__Sept._15__1895__Cover_-724x1024.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/D_8896_.16__Annual_report___Pacific_Garden_Mission__Sept._15__1895__Cover_-724x1024.jpg 724w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/D_8896_.16__Annual_report___Pacific_Garden_Mission__Sept._15__1895__Cover_-300x424.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/D_8896_.16__Annual_report___Pacific_Garden_Mission__Sept._15__1895__Cover_-600x849.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/D_8896_.16__Annual_report___Pacific_Garden_Mission__Sept._15__1895__Cover_-212x300.jpg 212w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/D_8896_.16__Annual_report___Pacific_Garden_Mission__Sept._15__1895__Cover_-768x1086.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/D_8896_.16__Annual_report___Pacific_Garden_Mission__Sept._15__1895__Cover_.jpg 958w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 724px) 100vw, 724px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_caption gallery-caption\">Pacific Garden Mission, Pacific Garden Mission Report, cover (1895)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_slide swiper-slide\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"662\" height=\"1024\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_image wp-image-17174\" data-id=\"17174\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/D_8896_.16__Annual_report___Pacific_Garden_Mission__Sept._15__1895__pg.1-662x1024.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/D_8896_.16__Annual_report___Pacific_Garden_Mission__Sept._15__1895__pg.1-662x1024.jpg 662w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/D_8896_.16__Annual_report___Pacific_Garden_Mission__Sept._15__1895__pg.1-300x464.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/D_8896_.16__Annual_report___Pacific_Garden_Mission__Sept._15__1895__pg.1-600x928.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/D_8896_.16__Annual_report___Pacific_Garden_Mission__Sept._15__1895__pg.1-194x300.jpg 194w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/D_8896_.16__Annual_report___Pacific_Garden_Mission__Sept._15__1895__pg.1-768x1187.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/D_8896_.16__Annual_report___Pacific_Garden_Mission__Sept._15__1895__pg.1.jpg 861w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 662px) 100vw, 662px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_caption gallery-caption\">Pacific Garden Mission, Pacific Garden Mission Report, 1 (1895)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_slide swiper-slide\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"709\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_image wp-image-17175\" data-id=\"17175\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/D_8896_.16__Annual_report___Pacific_Garden_Mission__Sept._15__1895__pg.2-3-1024x709.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/D_8896_.16__Annual_report___Pacific_Garden_Mission__Sept._15__1895__pg.2-3-1024x709.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/D_8896_.16__Annual_report___Pacific_Garden_Mission__Sept._15__1895__pg.2-3-600x415.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/D_8896_.16__Annual_report___Pacific_Garden_Mission__Sept._15__1895__pg.2-3-300x208.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/D_8896_.16__Annual_report___Pacific_Garden_Mission__Sept._15__1895__pg.2-3-768x532.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/D_8896_.16__Annual_report___Pacific_Garden_Mission__Sept._15__1895__pg.2-3-1536x1063.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/D_8896_.16__Annual_report___Pacific_Garden_Mission__Sept._15__1895__pg.2-3.jpg 1809w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_caption gallery-caption\">Pacific Garden Mission, Pacific Garden Mission Report, 2-3 (1895)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_slide swiper-slide\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"695\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_image wp-image-17176\" data-id=\"17176\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/D_8896_.16__Annual_report___Pacific_Garden_Mission__Sept._15__1895__pg.4-5-1024x695.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/D_8896_.16__Annual_report___Pacific_Garden_Mission__Sept._15__1895__pg.4-5-1024x695.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/D_8896_.16__Annual_report___Pacific_Garden_Mission__Sept._15__1895__pg.4-5-600x407.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/D_8896_.16__Annual_report___Pacific_Garden_Mission__Sept._15__1895__pg.4-5-300x204.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/D_8896_.16__Annual_report___Pacific_Garden_Mission__Sept._15__1895__pg.4-5-768x521.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/D_8896_.16__Annual_report___Pacific_Garden_Mission__Sept._15__1895__pg.4-5-1536x1042.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/D_8896_.16__Annual_report___Pacific_Garden_Mission__Sept._15__1895__pg.4-5.jpg 1788w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_caption gallery-caption\">Pacific Garden Mission, Pacific Garden Mission Report, 4-5 (1895)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_slide swiper-slide\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"712\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_image wp-image-17177\" data-id=\"17177\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/D_8896_.16__Annual_report___Pacific_Garden_Mission__Sept._15__1895__pg.10-11-1024x712.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/D_8896_.16__Annual_report___Pacific_Garden_Mission__Sept._15__1895__pg.10-11-1024x712.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/D_8896_.16__Annual_report___Pacific_Garden_Mission__Sept._15__1895__pg.10-11-600x417.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/D_8896_.16__Annual_report___Pacific_Garden_Mission__Sept._15__1895__pg.10-11-300x209.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/D_8896_.16__Annual_report___Pacific_Garden_Mission__Sept._15__1895__pg.10-11-768x534.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/D_8896_.16__Annual_report___Pacific_Garden_Mission__Sept._15__1895__pg.10-11-1536x1068.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/D_8896_.16__Annual_report___Pacific_Garden_Mission__Sept._15__1895__pg.10-11.jpg 1756w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_caption gallery-caption\">Pacific Garden Mission, Pacific Garden Mission Report, 10-11 (1895)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_slide swiper-slide\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"694\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_image wp-image-17178\" data-id=\"17178\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/D_8896_.16__Annual_report___Pacific_Garden_Mission__Sept._15__1895__pg.12-13-1024x694.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/D_8896_.16__Annual_report___Pacific_Garden_Mission__Sept._15__1895__pg.12-13-1024x694.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/D_8896_.16__Annual_report___Pacific_Garden_Mission__Sept._15__1895__pg.12-13-600x407.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/D_8896_.16__Annual_report___Pacific_Garden_Mission__Sept._15__1895__pg.12-13-300x203.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/D_8896_.16__Annual_report___Pacific_Garden_Mission__Sept._15__1895__pg.12-13-768x520.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/D_8896_.16__Annual_report___Pacific_Garden_Mission__Sept._15__1895__pg.12-13-1536x1041.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/D_8896_.16__Annual_report___Pacific_Garden_Mission__Sept._15__1895__pg.12-13.jpg 1812w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_caption gallery-caption\">Pacific Garden Mission, Pacific Garden Mission Report, 12-13 (1895)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_slide swiper-slide\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"648\" height=\"1024\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_image wp-image-17179\" data-id=\"17179\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/D_8896_.16__Annual_report___Pacific_Garden_Mission__Sept._15__1895__photo-648x1024.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/D_8896_.16__Annual_report___Pacific_Garden_Mission__Sept._15__1895__photo-648x1024.jpg 648w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/D_8896_.16__Annual_report___Pacific_Garden_Mission__Sept._15__1895__photo-300x474.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/D_8896_.16__Annual_report___Pacific_Garden_Mission__Sept._15__1895__photo-600x948.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/D_8896_.16__Annual_report___Pacific_Garden_Mission__Sept._15__1895__photo-190x300.jpg 190w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/D_8896_.16__Annual_report___Pacific_Garden_Mission__Sept._15__1895__photo-768x1213.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/D_8896_.16__Annual_report___Pacific_Garden_Mission__Sept._15__1895__photo.jpg 884w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 648px) 100vw, 648px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_caption gallery-caption\">&#8220;Col. George C. Clarke,&#8221; in Pacific Garden Mission Report (1895)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><\/ul><a class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_button-prev swiper-button-prev swiper-button-white\" role=\"button\"><\/a><a class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_button-next swiper-button-next swiper-button-white\" role=\"button\"><\/a><a aria-label=\"Pause Slideshow\" class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_button-pause\" role=\"button\"><\/a><div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_pagination swiper-pagination swiper-pagination-white\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_281911-3\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"702\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Midwest_MS_Taylor_Bx._55__Fl._2410__Chicago_Commons__flyer-702x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-13184\" style=\"width:197px;height:287px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Midwest_MS_Taylor_Bx._55__Fl._2410__Chicago_Commons__flyer-702x1024.jpg 702w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Midwest_MS_Taylor_Bx._55__Fl._2410__Chicago_Commons__flyer-300x437.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Midwest_MS_Taylor_Bx._55__Fl._2410__Chicago_Commons__flyer-600x875.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Midwest_MS_Taylor_Bx._55__Fl._2410__Chicago_Commons__flyer-206x300.jpg 206w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Midwest_MS_Taylor_Bx._55__Fl._2410__Chicago_Commons__flyer-768x1120.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Midwest_MS_Taylor_Bx._55__Fl._2410__Chicago_Commons__flyer.jpg 1029w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 702px) 100vw, 702px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_281911-3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Chicago Commons, &#8220;Healthier Workrooms! Clean Streets!&#8221; (1901)<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The documents here represent two differing responses to the difficulties of urban evangelization. Real estate speculator and Civil War veteran George Clarke (1827\u20131892) founded the Pacific Garden Mission with his wife Sarah in 1877 in an attempt to convert the visitors of Chicago\u2019s Levee district. The Mission\u2019s name was derived from the saloon where it was first located, the Pacific Beer Garden, and reflected Clarke\u2019s desire to take over the Levee for Jesus. In contrast, Chicago Theological Seminary professor Graham Taylor (1851\u20131938) took a different approach. Taylor was at the forefront of the Social Gospel movement, which sought to address not only people\u2019s spiritual but also their material conditions. A friend and admirer of Jane Addams and Hull House, Taylor founded the Chicago Commons settlement house in 1894 as an extension of his mission work.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Selection: <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_281911-9\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">&#8220;What is Chicago Commons?&#8221;<\/a> and <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_281911-2\" target=\"_blank\">&#8220;Chicago Commons New Building&#8221;<\/a><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow aligncenter\" data-effect=\"slide\"><div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_container swiper\"><ul class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_swiper-wrapper swiper-wrapper\"><li class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_slide swiper-slide\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"671\" height=\"1024\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_image wp-image-13386\" data-id=\"13386\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/What-is-Chicago-Commons-p1-671x1024.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/What-is-Chicago-Commons-p1-671x1024.jpg 671w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/What-is-Chicago-Commons-p1-scaled-300x458.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/What-is-Chicago-Commons-p1-scaled-600x915.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/What-is-Chicago-Commons-p1-197x300.jpg 197w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/What-is-Chicago-Commons-p1-768x1172.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/What-is-Chicago-Commons-p1-1007x1536.jpg 1007w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/What-is-Chicago-Commons-p1-1342x2048.jpg 1342w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/What-is-Chicago-Commons-p1-scaled.jpg 1678w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 671px) 100vw, 671px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_caption gallery-caption\">&#8220;What is Chicago Commons?&#8221; 1 (1901)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_slide swiper-slide\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"791\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_image wp-image-17203\" data-id=\"17203\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/What-is-Chicago-Commons-pp2-3-1024x791.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/What-is-Chicago-Commons-pp2-3-1024x791.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/What-is-Chicago-Commons-pp2-3-300x232.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/What-is-Chicago-Commons-pp2-3-scaled-600x463.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/What-is-Chicago-Commons-pp2-3-768x593.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/What-is-Chicago-Commons-pp2-3-1536x1186.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/What-is-Chicago-Commons-pp2-3-2048x1581.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_caption gallery-caption\">&#8220;What is Chicago Commons?&#8221; 2-3 (1901)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_slide swiper-slide\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"669\" height=\"1024\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_image wp-image-17202\" data-id=\"17202\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/What-is-Chicago-Commons-p4-669x1024.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/What-is-Chicago-Commons-p4-669x1024.jpg 669w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/What-is-Chicago-Commons-p4-scaled-300x459.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/What-is-Chicago-Commons-p4-scaled-600x918.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/What-is-Chicago-Commons-p4-196x300.jpg 196w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/What-is-Chicago-Commons-p4-768x1175.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/What-is-Chicago-Commons-p4-1004x1536.jpg 1004w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/What-is-Chicago-Commons-p4-1339x2048.jpg 1339w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/What-is-Chicago-Commons-p4-scaled.jpg 1673w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 669px) 100vw, 669px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_caption gallery-caption\">&#8220;What is Chicago Commons?&#8221; 4 (1901)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_slide swiper-slide\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"745\" alt=\"Chicago Commons, Chicago Commons New Building, 1 (1901)\" class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_image wp-image-17169\" data-id=\"17169\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Midwest_MS_Taylor_Bx._55__Fl._2409__Chicago_Commons_New_Building__pg.1-1024x745.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Midwest_MS_Taylor_Bx._55__Fl._2409__Chicago_Commons_New_Building__pg.1-1024x745.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Midwest_MS_Taylor_Bx._55__Fl._2409__Chicago_Commons_New_Building__pg.1-600x437.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Midwest_MS_Taylor_Bx._55__Fl._2409__Chicago_Commons_New_Building__pg.1-300x218.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Midwest_MS_Taylor_Bx._55__Fl._2409__Chicago_Commons_New_Building__pg.1-768x559.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Midwest_MS_Taylor_Bx._55__Fl._2409__Chicago_Commons_New_Building__pg.1-1536x1118.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Midwest_MS_Taylor_Bx._55__Fl._2409__Chicago_Commons_New_Building__pg.1.jpg 1803w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_caption gallery-caption\">Chicago Commons New Building, 1 (1901)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_slide swiper-slide\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"812\" alt=\"Chicago Commons, Chicago Commons New Building, 2 (1901)\" class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_image wp-image-17170\" data-id=\"17170\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Midwest_MS_Taylor_Bx._55__Fl._2409__Chicago_Commons_New_Building__pg.2-1024x812.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Midwest_MS_Taylor_Bx._55__Fl._2409__Chicago_Commons_New_Building__pg.2-1024x812.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Midwest_MS_Taylor_Bx._55__Fl._2409__Chicago_Commons_New_Building__pg.2-600x476.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Midwest_MS_Taylor_Bx._55__Fl._2409__Chicago_Commons_New_Building__pg.2-300x238.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Midwest_MS_Taylor_Bx._55__Fl._2409__Chicago_Commons_New_Building__pg.2-768x609.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Midwest_MS_Taylor_Bx._55__Fl._2409__Chicago_Commons_New_Building__pg.2-1536x1218.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Midwest_MS_Taylor_Bx._55__Fl._2409__Chicago_Commons_New_Building__pg.2.jpg 1649w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_caption gallery-caption\">Chicago Commons New Building, 2 (1901)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_slide swiper-slide\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"800\" alt=\"Chicago Commons, Chicago Commons New Building, 3 (1901)\" class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_image wp-image-17171\" data-id=\"17171\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Midwest_MS_Taylor_Bx._55__Fl._2409__Chicago_Commons_New_Building__pg.3-1024x800.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Midwest_MS_Taylor_Bx._55__Fl._2409__Chicago_Commons_New_Building__pg.3-1024x800.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Midwest_MS_Taylor_Bx._55__Fl._2409__Chicago_Commons_New_Building__pg.3-600x469.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Midwest_MS_Taylor_Bx._55__Fl._2409__Chicago_Commons_New_Building__pg.3-300x234.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Midwest_MS_Taylor_Bx._55__Fl._2409__Chicago_Commons_New_Building__pg.3-768x600.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Midwest_MS_Taylor_Bx._55__Fl._2409__Chicago_Commons_New_Building__pg.3-1536x1200.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Midwest_MS_Taylor_Bx._55__Fl._2409__Chicago_Commons_New_Building__pg.3.jpg 1614w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_caption gallery-caption\">Chicago Commons New Building, 3 (1901)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><\/ul><a class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_button-prev swiper-button-prev swiper-button-white\" role=\"button\"><\/a><a class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_button-next swiper-button-next swiper-button-white\" role=\"button\"><\/a><a aria-label=\"Pause Slideshow\" class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_button-pause\" role=\"button\"><\/a><div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_pagination swiper-pagination swiper-pagination-white\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_281911\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Selection: Graham Taylor, &#8220;Report for October 1916&#8221; (1916).<\/a><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-995f960e wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow aligncenter\" data-effect=\"slide\"><div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_container swiper\"><ul class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_swiper-wrapper swiper-wrapper\"><li class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_slide swiper-slide\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"655\" height=\"1024\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_image wp-image-13182\" data-id=\"13182\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Midwest_MS_Taylor_Bx._55__Fl._2350__Meeting_Minutes__1916__pg.4-655x1024.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Midwest_MS_Taylor_Bx._55__Fl._2350__Meeting_Minutes__1916__pg.4-655x1024.jpg 655w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Midwest_MS_Taylor_Bx._55__Fl._2350__Meeting_Minutes__1916__pg.4-300x469.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Midwest_MS_Taylor_Bx._55__Fl._2350__Meeting_Minutes__1916__pg.4-600x938.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Midwest_MS_Taylor_Bx._55__Fl._2350__Meeting_Minutes__1916__pg.4-192x300.jpg 192w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Midwest_MS_Taylor_Bx._55__Fl._2350__Meeting_Minutes__1916__pg.4-768x1200.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Midwest_MS_Taylor_Bx._55__Fl._2350__Meeting_Minutes__1916__pg.4.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 655px) 100vw, 655px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_caption gallery-caption\">Graham Taylor, &#8220;Mission Activities Report,&#8221; 4 (October 1916)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_slide swiper-slide\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"667\" height=\"1024\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_image wp-image-17166\" data-id=\"17166\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Midwest_MS_Taylor_Bx._55__Fl._2350__Meeting_Minutes__1916__pg.4v-667x1024.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Midwest_MS_Taylor_Bx._55__Fl._2350__Meeting_Minutes__1916__pg.4v-667x1024.jpg 667w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Midwest_MS_Taylor_Bx._55__Fl._2350__Meeting_Minutes__1916__pg.4v-300x461.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Midwest_MS_Taylor_Bx._55__Fl._2350__Meeting_Minutes__1916__pg.4v-600x921.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Midwest_MS_Taylor_Bx._55__Fl._2350__Meeting_Minutes__1916__pg.4v-195x300.jpg 195w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Midwest_MS_Taylor_Bx._55__Fl._2350__Meeting_Minutes__1916__pg.4v-768x1179.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Midwest_MS_Taylor_Bx._55__Fl._2350__Meeting_Minutes__1916__pg.4v.jpg 977w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 667px) 100vw, 667px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_caption gallery-caption\">Graham Taylor, &#8220;Mission Activities Report,&#8221; 4v (October 1916)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_slide swiper-slide\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"665\" height=\"1024\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_image wp-image-17167\" data-id=\"17167\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Midwest_MS_Taylor_Bx._55__Fl._2350__Meeting_Minutes__1916__pg.5-665x1024.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Midwest_MS_Taylor_Bx._55__Fl._2350__Meeting_Minutes__1916__pg.5-665x1024.jpg 665w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Midwest_MS_Taylor_Bx._55__Fl._2350__Meeting_Minutes__1916__pg.5-300x462.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Midwest_MS_Taylor_Bx._55__Fl._2350__Meeting_Minutes__1916__pg.5-600x924.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Midwest_MS_Taylor_Bx._55__Fl._2350__Meeting_Minutes__1916__pg.5-195x300.jpg 195w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Midwest_MS_Taylor_Bx._55__Fl._2350__Meeting_Minutes__1916__pg.5-768x1183.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Midwest_MS_Taylor_Bx._55__Fl._2350__Meeting_Minutes__1916__pg.5.jpg 974w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 665px) 100vw, 665px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_caption gallery-caption\">Graham Taylor, &#8220;Mission Activities Report,&#8221; 5 (October 1916)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_slide swiper-slide\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"665\" height=\"1024\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_image wp-image-17168\" data-id=\"17168\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Midwest_MS_Taylor_Bx._55__Fl._2350__Meeting_Minutes__1916__pg.6-665x1024.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Midwest_MS_Taylor_Bx._55__Fl._2350__Meeting_Minutes__1916__pg.6-665x1024.jpg 665w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Midwest_MS_Taylor_Bx._55__Fl._2350__Meeting_Minutes__1916__pg.6-300x462.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Midwest_MS_Taylor_Bx._55__Fl._2350__Meeting_Minutes__1916__pg.6-600x924.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Midwest_MS_Taylor_Bx._55__Fl._2350__Meeting_Minutes__1916__pg.6-195x300.jpg 195w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Midwest_MS_Taylor_Bx._55__Fl._2350__Meeting_Minutes__1916__pg.6-768x1183.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Midwest_MS_Taylor_Bx._55__Fl._2350__Meeting_Minutes__1916__pg.6.jpg 974w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 665px) 100vw, 665px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_caption gallery-caption\">Graham Taylor, &#8220;Mission Activities Report,&#8221; 6 (October 1916)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><\/ul><a class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_button-prev swiper-button-prev swiper-button-white\" role=\"button\"><\/a><a class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_button-next swiper-button-next swiper-button-white\" role=\"button\"><\/a><a aria-label=\"Pause Slideshow\" class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_button-pause\" role=\"button\"><\/a><div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_pagination swiper-pagination swiper-pagination-white\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-file\"><a id=\"wp-block-file--media-32035cd4-8c5a-4db1-a48e-66c040129026\" href=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/ReportForOct1916_Transcription.pdf\"><strong>Download a copy Taylor&#8217;s October 1916 &#8220;Mission Activities Report&#8221; here.<\/strong><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/ReportForOct1916_Transcription.pdf\" class=\"wp-block-file__button wp-element-button\" download aria-describedby=\"wp-block-file--media-32035cd4-8c5a-4db1-a48e-66c040129026\"><strong>Download<\/strong><\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Questions to Consider:<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>What are Clarke\u2019s opinions about Chicago\u2019s social life? Is Chicago a fundamentally religious place? If not, what are the sources of the city\u2019s spiritual depravity? What potential solutions to Chicago\u2019s supposedly \u201csinful\u201d condition does Clarke see?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Clarke claims that the Pacific Garden Mission has provided a blueprint for reaching Chicago\u2019s unchurched \u201cmasses.\u201d What are the Pacific Garden Mission\u2019s primary activities that, as he says, bring the lost \u201cunder the sound of the Gospel\u201d?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Based on the Chicago Common\u2019s October 1916 monthly report, what are its main activities? What do these activities convey about Taylor\u2019s understanding of Chicago\u2019s social and religious challenges? What do the documents from the Commons reveal about Taylor\u2019s proposed solutions?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Compare and contrast the photograph of the Pacific Garden Mission\u2019s interior with the pamphlet announcing the Chicago Commons\u2019 new structure. What do the differences in these two physical spaces say about the organizations\u2019 different approaches to Chicago\u2019s religious challenges?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__nav-link\"><span class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__title-wrapper\"><a href=\"#\"><span class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__title\">Sources<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__tab-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__tab-content\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Catholic Communities<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-995f960e wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_892331\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"783\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/map6F_G4104_.C6E423_1926_D3__Daprato_Map_of_Chicago_1-783x1024.jpg\" alt=\"Map of Chicago published by Clason Map Co., Chicago ILL.\" class=\"wp-image-13190\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/map6F_G4104_.C6E423_1926_D3__Daprato_Map_of_Chicago_1-783x1024.jpg 783w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/map6F_G4104_.C6E423_1926_D3__Daprato_Map_of_Chicago_1-300x392.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/map6F_G4104_.C6E423_1926_D3__Daprato_Map_of_Chicago_1-600x785.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/map6F_G4104_.C6E423_1926_D3__Daprato_Map_of_Chicago_1-229x300.jpg 229w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/map6F_G4104_.C6E423_1926_D3__Daprato_Map_of_Chicago_1-768x1004.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/map6F_G4104_.C6E423_1926_D3__Daprato_Map_of_Chicago_1.jpg 1147w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 783px) 100vw, 783px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_892331\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Daprato Map of Chicago Showing the Location of all Catholic Parishes (1926)<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_562638\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"738\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/D_409_.603__Two_crowded_years__being_selected_addresses__pg.72-73_1-1024x738.jpg\" alt=\"Two pages of text from Speech by Cardinal George Mundelein.\" class=\"wp-image-13189\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/D_409_.603__Two_crowded_years__being_selected_addresses__pg.72-73_1-1024x738.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/D_409_.603__Two_crowded_years__being_selected_addresses__pg.72-73_1-600x432.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/D_409_.603__Two_crowded_years__being_selected_addresses__pg.72-73_1-300x216.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/D_409_.603__Two_crowded_years__being_selected_addresses__pg.72-73_1-768x553.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/D_409_.603__Two_crowded_years__being_selected_addresses__pg.72-73_1-1536x1107.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/D_409_.603__Two_crowded_years__being_selected_addresses__pg.72-73_1.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_562638\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Speech by Cardinal George Mundelein. He argues churches should be places where immigrants adopt American identities, not places where they preserve foreign traditions (1917).<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_121434-2\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"636\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Case_BX4603.C5_H635__Holy_Family_Parish__pg._547-636x1024.jpg\" alt=\"Page of text from Priests and People. \" class=\"wp-image-13181\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Case_BX4603.C5_H635__Holy_Family_Parish__pg._547-636x1024.jpg 636w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Case_BX4603.C5_H635__Holy_Family_Parish__pg._547-300x483.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Case_BX4603.C5_H635__Holy_Family_Parish__pg._547-600x966.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Case_BX4603.C5_H635__Holy_Family_Parish__pg._547-186x300.jpg 186w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Case_BX4603.C5_H635__Holy_Family_Parish__pg._547-768x1236.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Case_BX4603.C5_H635__Holy_Family_Parish__pg._547.jpg 932w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 636px) 100vw, 636px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_121434-2\" target=\"_blank\">Essay by Thomas Mulkerins describing the purpose of the Married Men&#8217;s Solidarity (devotional club) of Holy Family Parish (1923).<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-995f960e wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_143492-2\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"627\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Case_BX4603.C5_H635__Holy_Family_Parish__pg.608-1024x627.jpg\" alt=\"Photograph of men from Young Men's Sodality Baseball Club, 1910 Champions.\" class=\"wp-image-13192\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Case_BX4603.C5_H635__Holy_Family_Parish__pg.608-1024x627.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Case_BX4603.C5_H635__Holy_Family_Parish__pg.608-300x184.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Case_BX4603.C5_H635__Holy_Family_Parish__pg.608-600x367.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Case_BX4603.C5_H635__Holy_Family_Parish__pg.608-768x470.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Case_BX4603.C5_H635__Holy_Family_Parish__pg.608-1536x940.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Case_BX4603.C5_H635__Holy_Family_Parish__pg.608.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_143492-2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">&#8220;Young Men&#8217;s Sodality Baseball Club, 1910 Champions&#8221; (1910)<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_121434\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"664\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/BX4603.C5_S2954__Annals_of_St._Boniface_Parish__pg.205-664x1024.jpg\" alt=\"Page of text from Essay by F. L. Kalveage describing the purpose of the Young Ladies' Solidarity (devotional society) of St. Boniface Parish. \" class=\"wp-image-13180\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/BX4603.C5_S2954__Annals_of_St._Boniface_Parish__pg.205-664x1024.jpg 664w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/BX4603.C5_S2954__Annals_of_St._Boniface_Parish__pg.205-300x463.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/BX4603.C5_S2954__Annals_of_St._Boniface_Parish__pg.205-600x925.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/BX4603.C5_S2954__Annals_of_St._Boniface_Parish__pg.205-195x300.jpg 195w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/BX4603.C5_S2954__Annals_of_St._Boniface_Parish__pg.205-768x1184.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/BX4603.C5_S2954__Annals_of_St._Boniface_Parish__pg.205.jpg 858w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 664px) 100vw, 664px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_121434\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Essay by F. L. Kalveage describing the purpose of the Young Ladies&#8217; Solidarity (devotional society) of St. Boniface Parish (1926).<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"690\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/BX4603.C5_S2954__Annals_of_St._Boniface_Parish__pg.206-1024x690.jpg\" alt=\"Photo of women from St. Boniface Young Ladies Society. \" class=\"wp-image-13191\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/BX4603.C5_S2954__Annals_of_St._Boniface_Parish__pg.206-1024x690.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/BX4603.C5_S2954__Annals_of_St._Boniface_Parish__pg.206-600x404.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/BX4603.C5_S2954__Annals_of_St._Boniface_Parish__pg.206-300x202.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/BX4603.C5_S2954__Annals_of_St._Boniface_Parish__pg.206-768x517.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/BX4603.C5_S2954__Annals_of_St._Boniface_Parish__pg.206-1536x1034.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/BX4603.C5_S2954__Annals_of_St._Boniface_Parish__pg.206.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_121434-2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">&#8220;St. Boniface Young Ladies&#8217; Society&#8221; (June 12, 1897)<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Jewish Communities <\/h4>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-995f960e wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_787934\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"700\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/F_616_.978__The_Ghetto__pg._28__woodcut__Talmudic_student-700x1024.jpg\" alt=\"Portrait of a man. \" class=\"wp-image-13177\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/F_616_.978__The_Ghetto__pg._28__woodcut__Talmudic_student-700x1024.jpg 700w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/F_616_.978__The_Ghetto__pg._28__woodcut__Talmudic_student-300x439.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/F_616_.978__The_Ghetto__pg._28__woodcut__Talmudic_student-600x878.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/F_616_.978__The_Ghetto__pg._28__woodcut__Talmudic_student-205x300.jpg 205w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/F_616_.978__The_Ghetto__pg._28__woodcut__Talmudic_student-768x1124.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/F_616_.978__The_Ghetto__pg._28__woodcut__Talmudic_student.jpg 1025w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_787934\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Todros Geller, &#8220;Talmudic Student,&#8221; <em>Yiddish Life <\/em>portfolio (1928)<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_787934-2\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"657\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/F_616_.978__The_Ghetto__pg._153__woodcut__Street_Musicians-657x1024.jpg\" alt=\"Image of street musicians. \" class=\"wp-image-13178\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/F_616_.978__The_Ghetto__pg._153__woodcut__Street_Musicians-657x1024.jpg 657w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/F_616_.978__The_Ghetto__pg._153__woodcut__Street_Musicians-300x467.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/F_616_.978__The_Ghetto__pg._153__woodcut__Street_Musicians-600x935.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/F_616_.978__The_Ghetto__pg._153__woodcut__Street_Musicians-193x300.jpg 193w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/F_616_.978__The_Ghetto__pg._153__woodcut__Street_Musicians-768x1196.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/F_616_.978__The_Ghetto__pg._153__woodcut__Street_Musicians.jpg 963w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 657px) 100vw, 657px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_787934-2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Todros Geller, &#8220;Street Musicians,&#8221; <em>Yiddish Life <\/em>portfolio (1928)<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_787934-3\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"668\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/F_616_.978__The_Ghetto__pg._194__woodcut__Maxwell_St__Chicago-668x1024.jpg\" alt=\"Image of a busy street. \" class=\"wp-image-13179\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/F_616_.978__The_Ghetto__pg._194__woodcut__Maxwell_St__Chicago-668x1024.jpg 668w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/F_616_.978__The_Ghetto__pg._194__woodcut__Maxwell_St__Chicago-300x460.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/F_616_.978__The_Ghetto__pg._194__woodcut__Maxwell_St__Chicago-600x919.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/F_616_.978__The_Ghetto__pg._194__woodcut__Maxwell_St__Chicago-196x300.jpg 196w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/F_616_.978__The_Ghetto__pg._194__woodcut__Maxwell_St__Chicago-768x1177.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/F_616_.978__The_Ghetto__pg._194__woodcut__Maxwell_St__Chicago.jpg 979w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 668px) 100vw, 668px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_787934-3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Todros Geller, &#8220;Maxwell Street,&#8221; <em>Yiddish Life <\/em>portfolio (1928)<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-995f960e wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_787934-4\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"638\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/F_616_.978__The_Ghetto__pg._262__woodcut__Horseradish_Grinder-638x1024.jpg\" alt=\"Image of a man grinding horseradish. \" class=\"wp-image-13187\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/F_616_.978__The_Ghetto__pg._262__woodcut__Horseradish_Grinder-638x1024.jpg 638w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/F_616_.978__The_Ghetto__pg._262__woodcut__Horseradish_Grinder-300x481.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/F_616_.978__The_Ghetto__pg._262__woodcut__Horseradish_Grinder-600x963.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/F_616_.978__The_Ghetto__pg._262__woodcut__Horseradish_Grinder-187x300.jpg 187w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/F_616_.978__The_Ghetto__pg._262__woodcut__Horseradish_Grinder-768x1232.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/F_616_.978__The_Ghetto__pg._262__woodcut__Horseradish_Grinder.jpg 935w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 638px) 100vw, 638px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_787934-4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Todros Geller, &#8220;Horseradish Grinder,&#8221; <em>Yiddish Life <\/em>portfolio (1928)<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/?p=14499\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"692\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/F_6187_.45__Report__Address_by_Dr._E._G._Hirsch__pg.9-692x1024.jpg\" alt=\"Page of text from an address by Rabbi E. G. Hirsch delivered to the Chicago Sinai Congregation.\" class=\"wp-image-13193\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/F_6187_.45__Report__Address_by_Dr._E._G._Hirsch__pg.9-692x1024.jpg 692w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/F_6187_.45__Report__Address_by_Dr._E._G._Hirsch__pg.9-300x444.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/F_6187_.45__Report__Address_by_Dr._E._G._Hirsch__pg.9-600x888.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/F_6187_.45__Report__Address_by_Dr._E._G._Hirsch__pg.9-203x300.jpg 203w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/F_6187_.45__Report__Address_by_Dr._E._G._Hirsch__pg.9-768x1136.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/F_6187_.45__Report__Address_by_Dr._E._G._Hirsch__pg.9.jpg 853w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 692px) 100vw, 692px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/?p=14499\" target=\"_blank\">Address by Rabbi E. G. Hirsch delivered to the Chicago Sinai Congregation. Hirsch argues that religious rituals and practices must be adapted to fit modern circumstances (1899).<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_86685\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"762\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/F548.9.J5_P65_1989__I_came_a_stranger__the_story_of_a_Hull-House_girl__pg.35-762x1024.jpg\" alt=\"Page of text from Hilda Satt Polacheck's memoir, I Came a Stranger: The Story of a Hull-House Girl. \" class=\"wp-image-13188\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/F548.9.J5_P65_1989__I_came_a_stranger__the_story_of_a_Hull-House_girl__pg.35-762x1024.jpg 762w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/F548.9.J5_P65_1989__I_came_a_stranger__the_story_of_a_Hull-House_girl__pg.35-300x403.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/F548.9.J5_P65_1989__I_came_a_stranger__the_story_of_a_Hull-House_girl__pg.35-600x806.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/F548.9.J5_P65_1989__I_came_a_stranger__the_story_of_a_Hull-House_girl__pg.35-223x300.jpg 223w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/F548.9.J5_P65_1989__I_came_a_stranger__the_story_of_a_Hull-House_girl__pg.35-768x1032.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/F548.9.J5_P65_1989__I_came_a_stranger__the_story_of_a_Hull-House_girl__pg.35.jpg 1116w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 762px) 100vw, 762px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_86685\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Excerpt of Hilda Satt Polacheck&#8217;s memoir, <em>I Came a Stranger: The Story of a Hull-House Girl<\/em> describing her father&#8217;s experiences keeping the Sabbath as new immigrants in Chicago (1989).<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Protestant Communities<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-995f960e wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_723140\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"743\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/D_8896_.16__Pacific_Garden_Mission__Annual_Report__1896__pg._12-13-1024x743.jpg\" alt=\"Photograph of men standing before a crowd. \" class=\"wp-image-13176\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/D_8896_.16__Pacific_Garden_Mission__Annual_Report__1896__pg._12-13-1024x743.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/D_8896_.16__Pacific_Garden_Mission__Annual_Report__1896__pg._12-13-600x435.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/D_8896_.16__Pacific_Garden_Mission__Annual_Report__1896__pg._12-13-300x218.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/D_8896_.16__Pacific_Garden_Mission__Annual_Report__1896__pg._12-13-768x557.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/D_8896_.16__Pacific_Garden_Mission__Annual_Report__1896__pg._12-13-1536x1114.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/D_8896_.16__Pacific_Garden_Mission__Annual_Report__1896__pg._12-13.jpg 1808w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_723140\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Pacific Garden Mission, &#8220;God is Love&#8221; (1896)<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_723140-3\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"679\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/D_8896_.16__Pacific_Garden_Mission__Annual_Report__1896__pg._23-1024x679.jpg\" alt=\"Photo of men standing of front of and inside a horse drawn carriage. \" class=\"wp-image-13186\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/D_8896_.16__Pacific_Garden_Mission__Annual_Report__1896__pg._23-1024x679.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/D_8896_.16__Pacific_Garden_Mission__Annual_Report__1896__pg._23-600x398.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/D_8896_.16__Pacific_Garden_Mission__Annual_Report__1896__pg._23-300x199.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/D_8896_.16__Pacific_Garden_Mission__Annual_Report__1896__pg._23-768x509.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/D_8896_.16__Pacific_Garden_Mission__Annual_Report__1896__pg._23-1536x1018.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/D_8896_.16__Pacific_Garden_Mission__Annual_Report__1896__pg._23.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_723140-3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Pacific Garden Mission, &#8220;The Gospel Wagon&#8221; (1896)<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_723140-2\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"724\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/D_8896_.16__Annual_report___Pacific_Garden_Mission__Sept._15__1895__Cover_-724x1024.jpg\" alt=\"Cover of Pacific Garden Mission Report.\" class=\"wp-image-13185\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/D_8896_.16__Annual_report___Pacific_Garden_Mission__Sept._15__1895__Cover_-724x1024.jpg 724w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/D_8896_.16__Annual_report___Pacific_Garden_Mission__Sept._15__1895__Cover_-300x424.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/D_8896_.16__Annual_report___Pacific_Garden_Mission__Sept._15__1895__Cover_-600x849.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/D_8896_.16__Annual_report___Pacific_Garden_Mission__Sept._15__1895__Cover_-212x300.jpg 212w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/D_8896_.16__Annual_report___Pacific_Garden_Mission__Sept._15__1895__Cover_-768x1086.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/D_8896_.16__Annual_report___Pacific_Garden_Mission__Sept._15__1895__Cover_.jpg 958w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 724px) 100vw, 724px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_723140-2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">18th annual report of the Pacific Garden Mission, a Protestant organization founded to convert visitors the Levee, Chicago&#8217;s red light district (1895).<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-995f960e wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_281911-3\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"702\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Midwest_MS_Taylor_Bx._55__Fl._2410__Chicago_Commons__flyer-702x1024.jpg\" alt=\"Poster with text. \" class=\"wp-image-13184\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Midwest_MS_Taylor_Bx._55__Fl._2410__Chicago_Commons__flyer-702x1024.jpg 702w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Midwest_MS_Taylor_Bx._55__Fl._2410__Chicago_Commons__flyer-300x437.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Midwest_MS_Taylor_Bx._55__Fl._2410__Chicago_Commons__flyer-600x875.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Midwest_MS_Taylor_Bx._55__Fl._2410__Chicago_Commons__flyer-206x300.jpg 206w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Midwest_MS_Taylor_Bx._55__Fl._2410__Chicago_Commons__flyer-768x1120.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Midwest_MS_Taylor_Bx._55__Fl._2410__Chicago_Commons__flyer.jpg 1029w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 702px) 100vw, 702px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_281911-3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Poster advertising a lecture at Chicago Commons about improved working conditions (1901).<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_281911-9\/What-is-Chicago-Commons-p1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"671\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/What-is-Chicago-Commons-p1-671x1024.jpg\" alt=\"A pamphlet from the Chicago Commons settlement house, published after the opening of new building in 1901.\" class=\"wp-image-13386\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/What-is-Chicago-Commons-p1-671x1024.jpg 671w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/What-is-Chicago-Commons-p1-scaled-300x458.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/What-is-Chicago-Commons-p1-scaled-600x915.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/What-is-Chicago-Commons-p1-197x300.jpg 197w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/What-is-Chicago-Commons-p1-768x1172.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/What-is-Chicago-Commons-p1-1007x1536.jpg 1007w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/What-is-Chicago-Commons-p1-1342x2048.jpg 1342w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/What-is-Chicago-Commons-p1-scaled.jpg 1678w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 671px) 100vw, 671px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_281911-9\/What-is-Chicago-Commons-p1.jpg\" target=\"_blank\">Pamphlet explaining the purpose and offerings of the Chicago Commons settlement house (1901).<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"745\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Midwest_MS_Taylor_Bx._55__Fl._2409__Chicago_Commons_New_Building__pg.1-1024x745.jpg\" alt=\"Layout plan of Chicago Commons, Chicago Commons New Building, 1 (1901)\" class=\"wp-image-17169\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Midwest_MS_Taylor_Bx._55__Fl._2409__Chicago_Commons_New_Building__pg.1-1024x745.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Midwest_MS_Taylor_Bx._55__Fl._2409__Chicago_Commons_New_Building__pg.1-600x437.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Midwest_MS_Taylor_Bx._55__Fl._2409__Chicago_Commons_New_Building__pg.1-300x218.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Midwest_MS_Taylor_Bx._55__Fl._2409__Chicago_Commons_New_Building__pg.1-768x559.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Midwest_MS_Taylor_Bx._55__Fl._2409__Chicago_Commons_New_Building__pg.1-1536x1118.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Midwest_MS_Taylor_Bx._55__Fl._2409__Chicago_Commons_New_Building__pg.1.jpg 1803w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_281911-2\/Midwest_MS_Taylor_Bx._55__Fl._2409__Chicago_Commons_New_Building__pg.1.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Pamphlet outlining the design and features of the new Chicago Commons building (1901).<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-995f960e wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_281911\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"655\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Midwest_MS_Taylor_Bx._55__Fl._2350__Meeting_Minutes__1916__pg.4-655x1024.jpg\" alt=\"Handwritten report. \" class=\"wp-image-13182\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Midwest_MS_Taylor_Bx._55__Fl._2350__Meeting_Minutes__1916__pg.4-655x1024.jpg 655w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Midwest_MS_Taylor_Bx._55__Fl._2350__Meeting_Minutes__1916__pg.4-300x469.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Midwest_MS_Taylor_Bx._55__Fl._2350__Meeting_Minutes__1916__pg.4-600x938.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Midwest_MS_Taylor_Bx._55__Fl._2350__Meeting_Minutes__1916__pg.4-192x300.jpg 192w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Midwest_MS_Taylor_Bx._55__Fl._2350__Meeting_Minutes__1916__pg.4-768x1200.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Midwest_MS_Taylor_Bx._55__Fl._2350__Meeting_Minutes__1916__pg.4.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 655px) 100vw, 655px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_281911\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Excerpt from handwritten reports by Graham Taylor, founder of the Chicago Commons settlement house, describing participation in various activities (October 1916).<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-file aligncenter\"><a id=\"wp-block-file--media-71698717-c149-4690-a9c7-8a815044e246\" href=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/ClassroomMaterials_Downloads_Lesson_Template.pdf\"><strong>Download a transcript of the &#8220;Report for October 1916&#8221; here.<\/strong><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/ClassroomMaterials_Downloads_Lesson_Template.pdf\" class=\"wp-block-file__button wp-element-button\" download aria-describedby=\"wp-block-file--media-71698717-c149-4690-a9c7-8a815044e246\"><strong>Download<\/strong><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__nav-link\"><span class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__title-wrapper\"><a href=\"#\"><span class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__title\">Related Resources<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__tab-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__tab-content\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Related Newberry Resources<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-995f960e wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/?p=17805\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"578\" height=\"659\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/HullHouse.png\" alt=\"Hull House lesson thumbnail\" class=\"wp-image-22205\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/HullHouse.png 578w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/HullHouse-263x300.png 263w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/HullHouse-300x342.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 578px) 100vw, 578px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/?p=17805\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Lesson: The Hull House Neighborhood <\/strong><\/a><br><a href=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/?p=17805\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>by Hilary Mac Austin and Kathleen Thompson<\/strong><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/?p=21294\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"583\" height=\"611\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/PopGrowth.png\" alt=\"Population Growth in Chicago thumbnail\" class=\"wp-image-22206\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/PopGrowth.png 583w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/PopGrowth-286x300.png 286w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/PopGrowth-300x314.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 583px) 100vw, 583px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/?p=21294\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Activity: Population Growth in Chicago <\/strong><\/a><br><a href=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/?p=21294\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>by Kathleen Thompson<\/strong><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/?p=24949\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\" noreferrer noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"478\" height=\"570\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Screenshot-2025-11-13-113219.png\" alt=\"Thumbnail for the essay &quot;Life, Labor, and Culture among Chicago's Jewish Immigrant Garment Workers, 1880-1910&quot; by Dr. Ben Schacht\" class=\"wp-image-25032\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Screenshot-2025-11-13-113219.png 478w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Screenshot-2025-11-13-113219-252x300.png 252w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 478px) 100vw, 478px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/?p=24949\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Essay: Life, Labor, and Culture among Chicago&#8217;s Jewish Immigrant Garment Workers, 1880-1910 <\/strong><br><strong>by Dr. Ben Schacht<\/strong><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In 1870, three-quarters of the United States lived in rural areas; by 1920, over half the nation lived in cities. How, if at all, did religious communities change their inherited traditions in the midst of new surroundings?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":15401,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[83,84,164],"tags":[169,165],"class_list":["post-14499","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-19th-century","category-20th-century","category-collection-essays","tag-chicago-midwest","tag-us-history"],"blocksy_meta":{"styles_descriptor":{"styles":{"desktop":"","tablet":"","mobile":""},"google_fonts":[],"version":6}},"acf":[],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/09\/F-616-.978-The-Ghetto-pg.-194-woodcut-Maxwell-St-Chicago_o2-scaled-e1604342355504.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14499","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=14499"}],"version-history":[{"count":28,"href":"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14499\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":25034,"href":"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14499\/revisions\/25034"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/15401"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=14499"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=14499"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=14499"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}