{"id":14503,"date":"2020-01-17T21:21:07","date_gmt":"2020-01-17T21:21:07","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/173.230.141.246\/dcc\/wpdemo\/?p=14503"},"modified":"2026-08-05T15:50:46","modified_gmt":"2026-08-05T15:50:46","slug":"maps-and-the-beginnings-of-colonial-north-america-unit-plan-grades-6-12","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/?p=14503","title":{"rendered":"Maps and the Beginnings of Colonial North America: Unit Plan (Grades 6-12)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs\" data-active-tab=\"0\"><ul class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__nav-links\"><\/ul>\n<div class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__nav-link\"><span class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__title-wrapper\"><a href=\"#\"><span class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__title\">Intro<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__tab-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__tab-content\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-995f960e wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Themes<\/strong><br>American Imperialism<br>Colonization<br>European Imperialism<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Periods &amp; Events<\/strong><br>17th Century<br>18th Century<br>Colonial Period<br>Early America<br>Revolutionary Period<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Skills &amp; Document Types<\/strong><br>Maps<br>Visual Literacy<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Overview and Instructional Use<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In this unit plan, <strong>middle<\/strong> and <strong>high school students<\/strong> will use maps to learn about <strong>colonization <\/strong>and <strong>imperialism <\/strong>in Early America while practicing visual literacy. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This unit can be used:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>To develop visual literacy.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>To teach about colonization in Early America. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Materials<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Copies of the <a href=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/MapsColonialNorthAmerica_AllMaps.pdf\">maps used<\/a> in this unit plan.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__nav-link\"><span class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__title-wrapper\"><a href=\"#\"><span class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__title\">Unit Plan<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__tab-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__tab-content\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Curriculum Connections: American Imperialism, European Imperialism, Colonial and Revolutionary Period, Maps, Visual Literacy <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Unit Plan Summary <\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Duration:<\/em> 4 days<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Suitable for:<\/em> Grades 6-12<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Schedule:<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Day 1: What\u2019s a Map for?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Day 2: Decoding Historical Maps<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Day 3: Interpreting Historical Maps<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Day 4: Assessing Map Interpretation<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Essential Questions:<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>What can maps tell us about people from different times, places, and cultures?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>What can maps tell us about how these people make sense of their world?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>How did maps and mapmaking influence the development of colonial North America?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Lesson Plan Overview and Learning Goals:<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In this four-day lesson, students will explore the visual record left by cartographers in North America during the colonial era. They will expand their basic geographic knowledge, develop their skills of visual interpretation, and apply principles of historical empathy (i.e.&nbsp;imagining the perspectives of historical actors in their contexts).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">By the time they complete this lesson, students will be able to:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Identify major regions, landforms, and bodies of water in North America.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Identify the major European colonial powers staking land claims in North America between the sixteenth and eighteenth centuries.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Apply skills of visual literacy to historical maps, reading for technical information, artistic style, author\u2019s purpose, audience, and historical context.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Articulate, in their own words, how maps contain information beyond geographic knowledge\u2014about the power relations between X and Y, as well as cultural attitudes and economic motives of the people who made and used them.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Apply their own skills of visual representation by drawing their own maps based on physical and textual information.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Evaluate the validity of an interpretation of visual evidence by tracking and assessing the relationship of claims to evidence.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Materials Needed:<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Photocopied handouts of the maps in the Newberry Digital Collection <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/?p=14503\" target=\"_blank\">Maps and the Beginnings of Colonial North America<\/a>, 1 map per standard 8.5\u201d x 11\u201d page, with caption details printed on the reverse. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-file\"><a id=\"wp-block-file--media-e6847788-2a9a-4fec-9259-e7600fbae207\" href=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/MapsColonialNorthAmerica_AllMaps.pdf\">Maps Colonial North America &#8211; All Maps<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/MapsColonialNorthAmerica_AllMaps.pdf\" class=\"wp-block-file__button wp-element-button\" download aria-describedby=\"wp-block-file--media-e6847788-2a9a-4fec-9259-e7600fbae207\">Download<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Photocopied handouts of a two contemporary physical maps of North America, one blank, one labeled and similar the two maps below:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-995f960e wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"373\" height=\"385\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/NAmerica_PhysicalMap_Blank.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-17284\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/NAmerica_PhysicalMap_Blank.jpg 373w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/NAmerica_PhysicalMap_Blank-300x310.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/NAmerica_PhysicalMap_Blank-291x300.jpg 291w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 373px) 100vw, 373px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"868\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/detailed-old-physical-map-of-north-america-868x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-16229\" style=\"width:298px;height:351px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/detailed-old-physical-map-of-north-america-868x1024.jpg 868w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/detailed-old-physical-map-of-north-america-300x354.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/detailed-old-physical-map-of-north-america-600x708.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/detailed-old-physical-map-of-north-america-254x300.jpg 254w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/detailed-old-physical-map-of-north-america-768x906.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/detailed-old-physical-map-of-north-america-1302x1536.jpg 1302w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/detailed-old-physical-map-of-north-america.jpg 1500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 868px) 100vw, 868px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>LCD projector and laptop.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Access to Google Earth<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Day 1: What&#8217;s a Map For?<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Materials Needed:<\/em> Pencils, colored pencils, large-format post-it posters.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Objectives:<\/em> Students will access prior knowledge about basic principles of map-making: projection of space; generalization of detail; symbology and labeling; distance and scale. Students will articulate how context and purpose determine the look and content of maps.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Lesson Plan:<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Engage:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Ask students to respond to the question in whole-group discussion: <strong>What is a map for?<\/strong> Track student responses to the prompt on the board, synthesizing toward major themes: that maps show 3D space on a 2D surface; that maps help people find their way around; that maps communicate information to people about places before they get there; that maps help people with particular tasks\u2014driving, hiking, building, farming, waging war, defining property, etc. Announce that this week students will learn what maps did for European colonists in North America, but that they\u2019re going to start by mapping their own classroom.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Break students into groups of four or five. At each table, give students a blank Post-It poster and a set of colored pencils. Instruct the whole group that they will be creating a map of the classroom. The map must be clear, complete, and colorful. It should include legible labels, and have a key\/legend.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Explore:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>As soon as the students begin working, visit each group and provide them with a \u201csecret\u201d instruction (these can be printed on slips of paper). Each group will get a slightly different purpose\/audience. (Repeat these purposes as needed, depending on how many groups you have.)\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Explain and Elaborate:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Once all students have completed their maps, invite them to post them on the wall and conduct a gallery walk. In a gallery walk, all work is publicly posted and students get up and walk through the \u201cexhibits\u201d in timed clusters (to control traffic) and with a critical purpose (supplied by the teacher). As students inspect each map, they will take notes in their notebook about what the maps emphasize or what they leave out, and major differences they notice between the maps. Ask them to track issues of style, clarity, scale, and detail.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Evaluate:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>After students return to their seats, conduct a whole-group discussion of what these differences were and how they would affect your use of the map. Have students reveal the \u201csecret\u201d mission they had and reflect on whether these instructions explain the differences across the maps they drew. Conclude discussion with the conceptual takeaway: that maps express realities that we all can see, but they also reflect the contexts and purposes that the mapmakers bring to their work, allowing for a range of interpretations.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Homework:<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Hand out the two contemporary maps of North America. Instruct the students that they need to study the labeled map to discover the location of the following landforms and then label them on the blank map on the reverse side. Explain that this will form the basic knowledge for our next activity, and that they will be quizzed on these at the end of the week: Florida Peninsula; Hispaniola; Baja California; Gulf of Mexico; Caribbean Sea; Mississippi River; Missouri River; Great Lakes (Superior, Michigan, Huron, Erie, Ontario); Hudson Bay; Gulf of Saint Lawrence; Chesapeake Bay.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Day 2: Decoding Historical Maps<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Materials Needed:<\/em> Printout packets of the maps in the <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/?p=14503\" target=\"_blank\">Maps and the Beginnings of Colonial North America Digital Collection<\/a> (1 map per standard 8.5\u201d x 11\u201d page, with caption details printed on the reverse\u2014one packet for each student-group of four or five. Available for download at the top of this page.); Large-format (11\u201dx17\u201d or larger) printouts of the contemporary blank North America map\u2014one per student group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Objectives:<\/em> Students will be able to name the major players and places that shaped the course of European colonization in the New World between the fifteenth and eighteenth century. Students will be able to apply this context to decode maps colonial-era maps for basic geographic information and compare them to contemporary geographic knowledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Lesson Plan:<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Engage:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>On the projector, show students a satellite image of the Atlantic Ocean, and a timeline marking a span between 1450 and 1750. Explain that in 1450, the people on either side of the map (North &amp; South America on one side and Europe and Africa on the other) had no knowledge of each other. Over the next 300 years, European powers (in waves of exploration, war, conquest, diplomacy, religious mission, emigration, slave-trade, and colonization) would stake claims over land, resources, and people in the New World. As part of their efforts to seize, settle, and develop various pieces of both continents, Europeans made tons and tons of maps. While over a dozen European kingdoms attempted to establish colonies in the Americas, the Spanish, Portuguese, French, and English became the major players. In North America, French, Spanish, English, and Dutch colonials competed with each to establish colonies.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Explore:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>With students in groups, distribute the stack of eleven maps to each group (for this activity, the Smith and Vaughan maps of Virginia can be grouped as one source). Instruct students that they will establish the \u201cprovenance,\u201d \u201corientation,\u201d and \u201cmagnification\u201d of each map. Define the terms on the board: provenance- when and where it came from; orientation- the location of north and south on the map; magnification- the scale of the snapshot taken of the earth. To accomplish this, have students proceed through these steps.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Begin by stacking them in chronological order.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Next, tag each one with a color to indicate which European power (French=blue, Spanish=yellow, English=red, Dutch=orange) commissioned the map.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Then, distribute a larger-format blank map of North America to each table. Instruct students to figure out how each historical map is oriented and magnified. (They may need significant help with the Virginia and New England maps, and hints for others).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>As a group, they\u2019ll then draw eleven rectangular frames onto the big blank map to represent each snapshot of North America. It should look something like the map below.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"252\" height=\"332\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/NAmerica_PhysicalMap_Blank_example.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-17285\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/NAmerica_PhysicalMap_Blank_example.jpg 252w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/NAmerica_PhysicalMap_Blank_example-228x300.jpg 228w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 252px) 100vw, 252px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Explain and Elaborate:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>After all groups have completed their drawing, lead a discussion to get students to articulate their process. What was difficult about this task? What was most misleading or confusing about these maps? What information was most helpful in resolving the confusion? What made certain maps easier to work with than others?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Evaluate:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Have students do a pair\/share to identify the differences in geographic knowledge that they noticed\u2014both between each historical map, and between the historical maps and what we know today about the shape and size of these landforms and bodies of water. In whole-group discussion, have students hypothesize the historical reasons why there may have been such different renderings. Help students convene on two major ideas: that European colonists had limitations on what they could see, measure, and verify about the lands they drew; and that European mapmakers had distinct purposes for each map, which determined what they thought would be most important (i.e.&nbsp;showing the conduct of a war or the placement of a plantation might have been more important than whether the map was \u201cupside-down\u201d in orientation).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Day 3: Interpreting Historical Maps<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Materials Needed:<\/em> Printout packets of the maps in the <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/?p=14503\" target=\"_blank\">Maps and the Beginnings of Colonial North America Digital Collection<\/a>\u2013one packet for each student-group of four or five (available for download at the top of this page).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Objectives:<\/em> Students will be able to read the same primary sources with different interpretive objectives. Students will build confidence in reading visual information from historical sources (including maps) to build inferences about the cultural and political contexts that produced them.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Lesson Plan<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Engage:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Begin by projecting a copy of the Baptista Boazio\u2019s 1588 image onto the screen for the class to see.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Explain that, as you discovered yesterday, this was in fact a map of the island of Hispaniola\u2014a fact that the group who worked with it probably needed help to figure out. Ask students to look at the image together and ask questions about what other information\u2014aside from the shape and location of land, water, and settlements\u2014can be found in the image. Students will discover a range of information, including detailed renderings of the soldiers and ships.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Explain and Elaborate:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Then, ask students to speculate as to the purpose that this mapmaker may have had when he drew it. Help students come around to the notion of a map as a <strong>narrative,<\/strong> with <strong>characters<\/strong>, <strong>settings<\/strong>, <strong>symbols<\/strong>, <strong>plot points<\/strong>, and <strong>moral lessons<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Explain that in this case, the map was drawn by an Italian artist who published it in an English book about the adventures of Sir Francis Drake. Explain that at the end of the sixteenth century, while Spain had laid claim to a vast empire in the New World, England was just beginning to flex its military muscle in overseas colonies. Explain that Drake was an English pirate whose attacks on Spanish ships and settlements helped England build its strength as an Atlantic power under Queen Elizabeth I. In this context, we can see the map as a piece of English self-promotion\u2014a poster to brag about their prowess on the high seas and the New World (even if Drake\u2019s occupation of this relatively small town lasted only a month).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Explore:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>With students in four groups, pass out pre-sorted map pairs to each group, and tell them that they will be looking at each map in a close reading of the story and purpose of the map. Group maps in the following way:\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>For each map , instruct students to team together to conduct a close reading of the visual information that tells the map\u2019s story\u2014its emphasized settings or locations, its main characters (human or otherwise), its cultural symbols, plot points, and your best bet as to its lesson or purpose. Suggest the following graphic organizer, but explain that not every category is likely to be filled.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"671\" height=\"77\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Map_chart.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-17288\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Map_chart.jpg 671w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Map_chart-600x69.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Map_chart-300x34.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 671px) 100vw, 671px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Evaluate:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Reconvene students in whole-group discussion. Ask students to describe what was most difficult about reading visual information, what visuals were easier to read as \u201cstories,\u201d and what clues they used to help settle on their guess as to the purpose or lesson of the map. Explain that tomorrow, students will have to present their interpretations to another group, whose job it will be to critically assess their interpretation. In the last five minutes of class, give students a chance to assign roles to each other for tomorrow\u2019s presentation, and to assign any loose ends to each other for homework.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Day 4: Assessing Map Interpretation<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Materials Needed:<\/em> LCD projector and laptop\/computer, access to Google Earth, online access to the <a href=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/?p=14503\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Maps and the Beginnings of North America Digital Collection<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Objective:<\/em> Students will build confidence explaining their visual analysis to peers and assessing peer presentations. Students will be able to apply their skills at reading primary sources to modern maps.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Lesson Plan:<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Engage:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Announce that today\u2019s presentations will be conducted as a two-part fishbowl. In a fishbowl, subgroups of students conduct their own discussion (the fish in the bowl), while you and another subgroup of students observe from the periphery and track the content and quality of the discussion. Below is a suggested diagram for students to use:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"595\" height=\"147\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Map_chart_2.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-17287\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Map_chart_2.jpg 595w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Map_chart_2-300x74.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 595px) 100vw, 595px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Groups 1 &amp; 2 will present to one another while groups 3 &amp; 4 watch and track the details on a note-taker. Then, the roles will reverse. Show students a visual of a fishbowl discussion to remind them of the structure. Emphasize that although the <em>teacher<\/em> will grade you on the strength of your participation in each role, this is not a debate with winner and a loser, but a <em>discussion<\/em> aimed at developing a more detailed and nuanced reading of our sources. Below is a diagram of a fishbowl setup:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"426\" height=\"271\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Fishbowl_Image.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-17282\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Fishbowl_Image.jpg 426w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Fishbowl_Image-300x191.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 426px) 100vw, 426px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Explore and Evaluate:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Fishbowl: Explain that as the fishbowl proceeds, students will take roles as either <strong>presenters<\/strong>, <strong>reviewers<\/strong>, or <strong>observers<\/strong>. Tell them that they should organize their presentation in the reverse order than the chart they constructed: They should announce their claim about what they think the map\u2019s main purpose might have been, and then support this claim by pointing to the visual evidence they\u2019ve collected from the image. The exchange should follow this format:\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Explain and Conclude:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Explain to students that they have achieved a new and more sophisticated understanding of maps: they have seen how maps can serve as reliable records of spatial information and as historical artifacts of power relations, cultural attitudes, and economic motives. Remind students that this remains as true today as it did in the colonial era.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>As a closing discussion to reinforce this point, bring up the home page for Google Earth and ask them to read it as a story. Observe the loading message about \u201cthe world\u2019s most detailed globe,\u201d which jokes about cataloguing grains of sand. Navigate the menu to show the \u201cmap styles,\u201d \u201cvoyager,\u201d and \u201cstreet view\u201d options. Use the search bar to search for Santo Domingo, the site of Francis Drake\u2019s attack in the 1580s, and try viewing the city via the different options. Ask students to consider what mapmakers at Google seem to be prioritizing, and who they think is using their maps. What is similar or distinct about what consumers of maps seem to care about today, as opposed to those who used the colonial maps of North America that we studied this week?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">About the Author<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nicholas Kryczka is a Postdoctoral Fellow in the Social Sciences and the Department of History at the University of Chicago. He teaches coursework in American Civilization, urban history, and oral history and conducts research on the history of post-civil rights school reform in Chicago. Previously, Nick worked for a decade as a high school social studies teacher in the Chicago Public Schools.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__nav-link\"><span class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__title-wrapper\"><a href=\"#\"><span class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__title\">Related Resources<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__tab-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__tab-content\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Related Newberry Resources<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-995f960e wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/?p=14501\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"597\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/09\/Screen-Shot-2024-08-29-at-12.17.34-AM-597x1024.png\" alt=\"Thumbnail for activity entitled &quot;Maps and the Beginnings of Colonial North America: Visual Literacy Class Activity (Grades K-8)&quot;\" class=\"wp-image-23219\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/09\/Screen-Shot-2024-08-29-at-12.17.34-AM-597x1024.png 597w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/09\/Screen-Shot-2024-08-29-at-12.17.34-AM-175x300.png 175w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/09\/Screen-Shot-2024-08-29-at-12.17.34-AM.png 748w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 597px) 100vw, 597px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/?p=14501\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Visual Literacy Activity (Grades K-8): Maps and the Beginnings of Colonial North America<\/strong><\/a><br><a href=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/?p=14501\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>by Dr. Nicholas Kryczka<\/strong><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/?p=14505\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"597\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/09\/Screen-Shot-2024-08-29-at-12.16.25-AM-597x1024.png\" alt=\"Thumbnail for activity entitled &quot;Maps and the Beginnings of Colonial North America: C3 Activity (Grades 9-12)&quot;\" class=\"wp-image-23222\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/09\/Screen-Shot-2024-08-29-at-12.16.25-AM-597x1024.png 597w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/09\/Screen-Shot-2024-08-29-at-12.16.25-AM-175x300.png 175w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/09\/Screen-Shot-2024-08-29-at-12.16.25-AM.png 748w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 597px) 100vw, 597px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/?p=14505\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>C3 Activity (Grades 9-12): Maps and the Beginnings of Colonial North America<\/strong><\/a><br><a href=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/?p=14505\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>by Dr. Nicholas Kryczka<\/strong><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/?p=14507\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"597\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/09\/Screen-Shot-2024-08-29-at-12.17.13-AM-597x1024.png\" alt=\"Thumbnail for lesson entitled &quot;Maps and the Beginnings of Colonial North America: Document-Based Questions&quot;\" class=\"wp-image-23224\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/09\/Screen-Shot-2024-08-29-at-12.17.13-AM-597x1024.png 597w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/09\/Screen-Shot-2024-08-29-at-12.17.13-AM-175x300.png 175w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/09\/Screen-Shot-2024-08-29-at-12.17.13-AM.png 748w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 597px) 100vw, 597px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/?p=14507\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>DBQs: Maps and the Beginnings of Colonial North America<\/strong><\/a><br><a href=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/?p=14507\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>by Dr. Nicholas Kryczka<\/strong><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-995f960e wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/?p=14413\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"440\" height=\"698\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Capture3.png\" alt=\"Collection Essay Thumbnail\" class=\"wp-image-22373\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Capture3.png 440w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Capture3-189x300.png 189w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 440px) 100vw, 440px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/?p=14413\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Essay: Maps and the Beginnings of Colonial North America <br>by Neal Dugre, PhD<\/a><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/?p=22242\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"442\" height=\"550\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Capture2.png\" alt=\"Lesson thumbnail\" class=\"wp-image-22371\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Capture2.png 442w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Capture2-241x300.png 241w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 442px) 100vw, 442px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/?p=22242\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Lesson: Early European Travel in Illinois: Land, Animals, and the Environment <\/strong><\/a><br><a href=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/?p=22242\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>by Dr. Danielle Alesi <\/strong><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/indigenous-chicago.org\/curriculum\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"887\" height=\"426\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/IndigenousChicagoThumbnail.png\" alt=\"Indigenous Chicago Project Thumbnail\" class=\"wp-image-23570\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/IndigenousChicagoThumbnail.png 887w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/IndigenousChicagoThumbnail-300x144.png 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/IndigenousChicagoThumbnail-768x369.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 887px) 100vw, 887px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/indigenous-chicago.org\/curriculum\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Indigenous Chicago Curriculum<br><\/a><\/strong><br>A custom curriculum hosted by the Newberry and centered on Chicago as a Native Place. <br><br>Created in alignment with Illinois State Standards and to support the HB1633 mandate to teach Native history. <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>This is part of a set of classroom materials for the Digital Collection Maps and the Beginnings of North America.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":13344,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[89,103,124,181,140,139],"tags":[165,166],"class_list":["post-14503","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-17th-century","category-18th-century","category-cm","category-high-school","category-lesson-plans","category-middle-school","tag-us-history","tag-world-history"],"blocksy_meta":{"styles_descriptor":{"styles":{"desktop":"","tablet":"","mobile":""},"google_fonts":[],"version":6}},"acf":[],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Fer_Course-of-Mississippi-scaled.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14503","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=14503"}],"version-history":[{"count":23,"href":"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14503\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":25593,"href":"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14503\/revisions\/25593"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/13344"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=14503"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=14503"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=14503"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}