{"id":15528,"date":"2013-06-13T16:23:53","date_gmt":"2013-06-13T16:23:53","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/173.230.141.246\/dcc\/wpdemo\/?p=15528"},"modified":"2026-07-30T17:56:05","modified_gmt":"2026-07-30T17:56:05","slug":"reading-visual-images-the-first-world-war","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/?p=15528","title":{"rendered":"Reading Visual Images: The First World War"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs\" data-active-tab=\"0\"><ul class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__nav-links\"><\/ul>\n<div class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__nav-link\"><span class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__title-wrapper\"><a href=\"#\"><span class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__title\">Intro<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__tab-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__tab-content\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-995f960e wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Themes<\/strong><br>Gender<br>Propaganda<br>US Military<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Periods &amp; Events<\/strong><br>20th Century<br>World War I<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Skills &amp; Document Types<\/strong><br>Image Analysis<br>Political Cartoons<br>Visual Literacy<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Overview and Instructional Use<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In this lesson,\u00a0<strong>high school students<\/strong>\u00a0will analyze two images to learn about\u00a0<strong>gender\u00a0<\/strong>and\u00a0<strong>propaganda\u00a0<\/strong>during World War I while practicing image analysis.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This lesson can be used:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>As part of a unit\u00a0on\u00a0World War I.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>To practice image analysis.\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>As part of a unit on gender during the early 20<sup>th<\/sup>\u00a0century.\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Materials<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>A copy of the images used in this lesson. \n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_509343-2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">&#8220;Mamma\u2019s Boy,&#8221; in <em>Life <\/em>(1918)<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_793790\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Normal Rockwell, &#8220;Fisk Club Boys are Doing Their Bit,&#8221; in <em>The Youth&#8217;s Companion <\/em>(1917)<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Optional images:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_509343\">&#8220;Isn&#8217;t War Scrumptious?&#8221; (1917).<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_509343-3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">&#8220;Corporal: What will you do?&#8221;(1918).<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_509343-4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">&#8220;The Red Cross&#8221; (1917).<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__nav-link\"><span class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__title-wrapper\"><a href=\"#\"><span class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__title\">Lesson<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__tab-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__tab-content\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Procedure<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Display\u00a0<\/strong>the images. Spend time with students conducting a\u00a0<strong>visual analysis<\/strong>, as outlined below.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Conduct a\u00a0<strong>contextual analysis<\/strong>, supplementing with\u00a0background\u00a0information when\u00a0appropriate.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Synthesize\u00a0<\/strong>the visual\u00a0and contextual analyses to draw larger conclusions.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\">A message to my students: Reflecting on the nature of historical sources<\/h6>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Historical sources are often largely confined to the use of the printed word. But visual sources such as political cartoons, \u201cfine\u201d art, popular illustrations, maps, charts and graphs can evoke a more nuanced understanding and dialogue of the thought, mood and aesthetics of an era. In order to use visuals effectively and reliably, we have to learn how to trust in our ability to see and to make deductions based on those observations. This can be a bit intimidating at first, but I believe you will find it extremely rewarding and empowering. My best advice to you as we develop this new skill is to have faith in your own impressions. So long as they are rooted in disciplined observation, they are valid. As we progress through the unit, I will call on you to test your deductions by placing them in a larger context of additional primary and secondary sources. My hope is that this exercise will provide you with unexpected insights about the First World War.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">We will be analyzing two visual sources from the Newberry Library digital collection, <em>Mama&#8217;s Boy<\/em>, 1918 and <em>Fisk Club Boys<\/em>, 1917. You will be performing a &#8220;close read&#8221; of these images, using methods similar to those used in your English and History classes. The first image <em>Mama&#8217;s Boy<\/em> will be analyzed by the class as a whole in a guided close read. You will then work in small groups to practice your close reading, using the second image <em>Fisk Club Boys.<\/em> Ultimately, you will be asked to demonstrate your understanding of the visual close read by analyzing an additional image of your choosing from the Gallery tab.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-995f960e wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_509343-2\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"899\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Life-Mammas-Boy-p186-detail-1024x899.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-13313\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Life-Mammas-Boy-p186-detail-1024x899.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Life-Mammas-Boy-p186-detail-300x263.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Life-Mammas-Boy-p186-detail-scaled-600x527.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Life-Mammas-Boy-p186-detail-768x674.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Life-Mammas-Boy-p186-detail-1536x1348.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Life-Mammas-Boy-p186-detail-2048x1798.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_509343-2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">&#8220;Mamma\u2019s Boy,&#8221; in <em>Life <\/em>(1918)<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_793790\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"654\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Fisk-Club-Boys-654x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-13311\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Fisk-Club-Boys-654x1024.jpg 654w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Fisk-Club-Boys-scaled-300x470.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Fisk-Club-Boys-scaled-600x940.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Fisk-Club-Boys-191x300.jpg 191w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Fisk-Club-Boys-768x1203.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Fisk-Club-Boys-980x1536.jpg 980w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Fisk-Club-Boys-1307x2048.jpg 1307w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Fisk-Club-Boys-scaled.jpg 1634w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 654px) 100vw, 654px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_793790\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Normal Rockwell, &#8220;Fisk Club Boys are Doing Their Bit,&#8221; in <em>The Youth&#8217;s Companion <\/em>(1917)<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">We will be basing our close read of visual sources on guidelines provided by the Terra Foundation of American Art Terra <a href=\"http:\/\/www.terraamericanart.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/05\/Guide-to-Close-Read.pdf\">&#8220;Look Learn Connect&#8221;<\/a> and on strategies currently being compiled by the Newberry Library in consultation with many of the major cultural institutions in Chicago.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Step 1: Visual Analysis<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What do you SEE?<\/h6>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Spend a few minutes looking closely at the visual. Select at least 5 details that you believe are important to its interpretation. You may also ask a clarification question about details that you do not understand. At this point, please do NOT try to make inferences about the symbols.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>As a class, I will call on each student to share one of your selected details. If someone else has selected the same detail as you, simply restate what was said. If many people select the same item, it may have particular significance. Think of this as reaffirming a point someone has made about a reading. If you can, add some additional substantiation. For example, many people may comment that the main figure in <em>Mama&#8217;s Boy<\/em> looks strong. Perhaps you can refer to details that give this impression.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Think like an artist<\/h6>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>How has the artist composed (arranged) the figures in space? How does this composition communicate meaning?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>How is color used? Are there areas that are lighter or darker? Do some things seem more highlighted? Why do you think this was done?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>What do you think is the focal point of this visual? What makes you say so? Why do you think this was done?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Evoking meaning<\/h6>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>What feeling or mood do you get from this visual? What makes you say that?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>What do you think the artist wanted to communicate? How do the details we have identified support your reasoning?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Is there a caption? How does that impact on the visual images? If there are any words or phrases that are unclear, be sure to question meaning.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Step 2: Contextual Analysis<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Where did this visual appear? Who do you think was the intended audience?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Why was this visual made? Was it commissioned?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Is the artist&#8217;s name known to you? Was he famous for any particular types of work?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Based on your knowledge of the era so far, in what ways is the work a reflection of society or a product of its time?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>What expectations might the artist have been responding to?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Step 3: Synthesis<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>What do you think the artist was trying to convey about American ideas, ideals or values during WWI?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>What do you believe were the motivations behind the creation of this image?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Does the artwork reflect a particular point of view?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Is there any missing information or information that requires further investigation?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Practicing the Close Read<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>In your groups, analyze the images and text of <em>Fisk Club Boys<\/em> using the same questions as above.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Compare and contrast the images and text of the two images. Do they seem similar or dissimilar?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Which of the images came first?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Where did each of these appear and would they have been meant to appeal to the same audience?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Don&#8217;t be afraid to get daring with your interpretations. We can always reign ourselves in later. Right now just immerse yourselves in the images and enjoy!<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__nav-link\"><span class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__title-wrapper\"><a href=\"#\"><span class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__title\">Standards<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__tab-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__tab-content\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Illinois Social Science Standards<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This lesson supports the following standards from the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.isbe.net\/Documents\/IL-Social-Science-Standards.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Illinois Learning Standards for Social Science<\/a>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\">History<\/h6>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>SS.9-12.H.1. Evaluate the context of time and place as well as structural factors that influence historical developments.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>SS.9-12.H.4. Analyze how people and institutions have interacted with environmental, scientific, technological, and societal challenges.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>SS.9-12.H.5. Analyze the factors and historical context, including overarching movements, that influenced the perspectives of people during different historical eras.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Common Core<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This lesson supports the following&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecorestandards.org\/ELA-Literacy\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Common Core Literacy in History\/Social Science standards:<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\">English Language Arts: History\/Social Studies<\/h6>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.RI.9-10.1: Cite strong and thorough textual evidence to support analysis of what the text says explicitly as well as inferences drawn from the text.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.RI.11-12.1: Cite strong and thorough textual evidence to support analysis of what the text says explicitly as well as inferences drawn from the text, including determining where the text leaves matters uncertain.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.RI.9-10.2: Determine a central idea of a text and analyze its development over the course of the text, including how it emerges and is shaped and refined by specific details; provide an objective summary of the text.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.RI.11-12.2: Determine two or more central ideas of a text and analyze their development over the course of the text, including how they interact and build on one another to provide a complex analysis; provide an objective summary of the text.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.RI.9-10.6: Determine an author\u2019s point of view or purpose in a text and analyze how an author uses rhetoric to advance that point of view or purpose.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.RI.11-12.6: Determine an author\u2019s point of view or purpose in a text in which the rhetoric is particularly effective, analyzing how style and content contribute to the power, persuasiveness, or beauty of the text.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The College, Career, and Civic Life (C3) Framework<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This lesson supports the following&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.socialstudies.org\/system\/files\/2022\/c3-framework-for-social-studies-rev0617.2.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">C3 Framework standards<\/a>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Dimension 2, History<\/h6>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>D2.His.3.9-12. Use questions generated about individuals and groups to assess how the significance of their actions changes over time and is shaped by the historical context.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>D2.His.4.9-12. Analyze complex and interacting factors that influenced the perspectives of people during different historical eras.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>D2.His.5.9-12. Analyze how historical contexts shaped and continue to shape people\u2019s perspectives.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__nav-link\"><span class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__title-wrapper\"><a href=\"#\"><span class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__title\">Sources<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__tab-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__tab-content\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-1 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"899\" data-id=\"13313\" src=\"http:\/\/173.230.141.246\/dcc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Life-Mammas-Boy-p186-detail-1024x899.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-13313\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Life-Mammas-Boy-p186-detail-1024x899.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Life-Mammas-Boy-p186-detail-300x263.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Life-Mammas-Boy-p186-detail-scaled-600x527.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Life-Mammas-Boy-p186-detail-768x674.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Life-Mammas-Boy-p186-detail-1536x1348.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Life-Mammas-Boy-p186-detail-2048x1798.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_509343-2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Mamma\u2019s Boy, 1918<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"654\" height=\"1024\" data-id=\"13311\" src=\"http:\/\/173.230.141.246\/dcc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Fisk-Club-Boys-654x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-13311\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Fisk-Club-Boys-654x1024.jpg 654w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Fisk-Club-Boys-scaled-300x470.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Fisk-Club-Boys-scaled-600x940.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Fisk-Club-Boys-191x300.jpg 191w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Fisk-Club-Boys-768x1203.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Fisk-Club-Boys-980x1536.jpg 980w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Fisk-Club-Boys-1307x2048.jpg 1307w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Fisk-Club-Boys-scaled.jpg 1634w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 654px) 100vw, 654px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_793790\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Fisk Club Boys, 1917<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"776\" height=\"1024\" data-id=\"13312\" src=\"http:\/\/173.230.141.246\/dcc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Life-isnt-war-scrumptious-p89-776x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-13312\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Life-isnt-war-scrumptious-p89-776x1024.jpg 776w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Life-isnt-war-scrumptious-p89-scaled-300x396.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Life-isnt-war-scrumptious-p89-scaled-600x792.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Life-isnt-war-scrumptious-p89-227x300.jpg 227w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Life-isnt-war-scrumptious-p89-768x1014.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Life-isnt-war-scrumptious-p89-1164x1536.jpg 1164w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Life-isnt-war-scrumptious-p89-1552x2048.jpg 1552w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Life-isnt-war-scrumptious-p89-scaled.jpg 1940w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 776px) 100vw, 776px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_509343\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Isn\u2019t War Scrumptious? 1917<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"796\" data-id=\"13314\" src=\"http:\/\/173.230.141.246\/dcc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Life-What-will-you-do-p171-detail-1024x796.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-13314\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Life-What-will-you-do-p171-detail-1024x796.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Life-What-will-you-do-p171-detail-300x233.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Life-What-will-you-do-p171-detail-scaled-600x466.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Life-What-will-you-do-p171-detail-768x597.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Life-What-will-you-do-p171-detail-1536x1194.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Life-What-will-you-do-p171-detail-2048x1592.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_509343-3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">What Will You Do? 1918<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"754\" height=\"1024\" data-id=\"13317\" src=\"http:\/\/173.230.141.246\/dcc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Life-Red-Cross-p177-754x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-13317\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Life-Red-Cross-p177-754x1024.jpg 754w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Life-Red-Cross-p177-scaled-300x408.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Life-Red-Cross-p177-scaled-600x815.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Life-Red-Cross-p177-221x300.jpg 221w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Life-Red-Cross-p177-768x1044.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Life-Red-Cross-p177-1130x1536.jpg 1130w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Life-Red-Cross-p177-1507x2048.jpg 1507w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Life-Red-Cross-p177-scaled.jpg 1884w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 754px) 100vw, 754px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_509343-4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">The Red Cross, 1917<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":15533,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[84,124,181,140],"tags":[167,165],"class_list":["post-15528","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-20th-century","category-cm","category-high-school","category-lesson-plans","tag-arts","tag-us-history"],"blocksy_meta":{"styles_descriptor":{"styles":{"desktop":"","tablet":"","mobile":""},"google_fonts":[],"version":6}},"acf":[],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/06\/Life-What-will-you-do-p171-detail-scaled-1-e1604941439941.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15528","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=15528"}],"version-history":[{"count":18,"href":"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15528\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":25557,"href":"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15528\/revisions\/25557"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/15533"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=15528"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=15528"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=15528"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}