{"id":17815,"date":"2021-06-25T20:48:56","date_gmt":"2021-06-25T20:48:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/?p=17815"},"modified":"2024-10-28T16:23:26","modified_gmt":"2024-10-28T16:23:26","slug":"copy-9","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/?p=17815","title":{"rendered":"Comparing Portraits"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs\" data-active-tab=\"0\"><ul class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__nav-links\"><\/ul>\n<div class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__nav-link\"><span class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__title-wrapper\"><a href=\"#\"><span class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__title\">Activity<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__tab-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__tab-content\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p><strong>Theme<\/strong><br>Art History<br>Latinx History<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p><strong>Periods &amp; Events<\/strong><br>Mexican War of Independence<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p><strong>Skills &amp; Document Types<\/strong><br>Image Analysis<br>Visual Literacy<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>This activity is a way to provide a lesson on visual literacy within a history curriculum or to introduce a lesson or unit on the Mexican War of Independence. Explain that the backgrounds in formal portraits and what the figures wear are carefully chosen and often have symbolic meaning.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Materials \u2013 Available for Download in the Downloads Tab:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>A copy of the &#8220;Comparing Portraits&#8221; activity<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Copies of the portrait images used in this activity<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Show your students the two portraits. Give students time with each portrait to generate and answer questions and write notes. Use the background material at the end of this activity whenever you think it will encourage students to ask more questions and think more about how to engage with the portraits.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Both reproductions are from the book <em>M\u00e9xico \u00e1 trav\u00e9s de los siglos<\/em> (<em>Mexico through the Centuries<\/em>), by Vicente Riva Palacio and D. Joaquin Ramirez, 1887. The book is part of the Edward E. Ayer Collection. The first painting is titled <em>El Cura Hidalgo, Libertador de M\u00e9xico<\/em> (<em>The Priest Hidalgo, Liberator of Mexico<\/em>). The second painting is titled <em>Morelos, H\u00e9roe de la Independencia<\/em> (<em>Hero of Independence<\/em>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Click on the images for high-resolution versions that can be displayed for your class.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_638116\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Portrait 1<\/a><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_638116\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"675\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Hidalgo-675x1024.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-13291\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Hidalgo-675x1024.jpeg 675w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Hidalgo-scaled-300x455.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Hidalgo-scaled-600x910.jpeg 600w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Hidalgo-198x300.jpeg 198w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Hidalgo-768x1166.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Hidalgo-1012x1536.jpeg 1012w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Hidalgo-1349x2048.jpeg 1349w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Hidalgo-scaled.jpeg 1687w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 675px) 100vw, 675px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_638116\" target=\"_blank\">D. Joaquin Ramirez, <em>The Priest Hidalgo, Liberator of Mexico<\/em>, in <em>M\u00e9xico \u00e1 trav\u00e9s de los siglos <\/em>(1887)<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Potential Questions<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Describe the figure in the painting. What is he wearing? What is he doing? Include as many details as possible.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Every part of the painting has a meaning. What objects can you see? What is in the background of the painting? What do these details in the painting tell you about the figure? <em>(If necessary help students identify details in the background such as the painting of the Virgin Mary and the grandfather clock, asking students what those details might signify<\/em>.)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Describe the expression the man\u2019s face.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>What is written at the bottom of the painting? Do any words look familiar? Can you gain any more knowledge about the figure based on these words?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>What is one question you have about this painting or the figure in it?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_638116-2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Portrait 2<\/a><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_638116-2\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"692\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Palacio_Morelos_opp-p296-692x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-13303\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Palacio_Morelos_opp-p296-692x1024.jpg 692w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Palacio_Morelos_opp-p296-scaled-300x444.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Palacio_Morelos_opp-p296-scaled-600x888.jpg 600w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Palacio_Morelos_opp-p296-203x300.jpg 203w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Palacio_Morelos_opp-p296-768x1137.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Palacio_Morelos_opp-p296-1038x1536.jpg 1038w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Palacio_Morelos_opp-p296-1384x2048.jpg 1384w, https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Palacio_Morelos_opp-p296-scaled.jpg 1730w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 692px) 100vw, 692px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/nby_638116-2\" target=\"_blank\">D. Joaquin Ramirez, <em>Morelos, Hero of Independence<\/em>, in  <em>M\u00e9xico \u00e1 trav\u00e9s de los siglos <\/em>(1887)<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Potential Questions<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Describe the figure in the painting. What is he wearing? What is he doing? Include as many details as possible.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>What objects can you see? What is in the background of the painting? What does this tell you about the figure? <em>(If necessary help students identify unique details in the painting such as the open cabinet door and the cloth draped across the chair, asking students what those details might signify.)<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Describe the expression on the man\u2019s face.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>What is written at the bottom of the painting? Do any words look familiar? Can you gain any more knowledge about the figure based on these words? <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Does this painting answer any of the questions you had about the first painting? What questions do you have about this painting or the figure in it? How could you find answers to your questions?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>What are some similarities between the two portraits and what are some differences? How does this show the similarities and differences between the two men pictured? <em>(The paintings show more similarities than differences and the differences are subtle. If necessary, help students identify differences by pointing out the different floors: Hidalgo\u2019s floor is tile, while Morelos\u2019 floor is wood. Also Hidalgo\u2019s table has a cloth on it, while Morelos\u2019 desk is plain wood. Hidalgo is older and balding; Morelos is younger and darker-skinned, etc.)<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>What questions come up as you compare and contrast? How could you find answers to these questions?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Background<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla, or Father Hidalgo, was a Roman Catholic priest who led the first Mexican fight for independence. He was a parish priest in Dolores, Guanajuato state. A member of a secret group that supported independence from Spain, Hidalgo publicly called on his parishioners to revolt on September 16, 1810. His famous speech from that day, the \u201cGrito de Dolores\u201d (Cry of Dolores), advocated not only independence but also racial equality and the redistribution of land. Hidalgo and his followers succeeded in their revolution for three months. Then, in early 1811, Hidalgo was captured. He was executed a few months later. The anniversary of Hidalgo\u2019s speech is Mexico\u2019s Independence Day.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Jos\u00e9 Mar\u00eda Morelos y Pav\u00f3n followed Father Hidalgo as the main leader of the Mexican independence movement. Morelos was also a priest but from a different part of the <strong>caste system<\/strong> than Hidalgo. He was <em>mulato pardo<\/em>, a person of American Indian and African descent. For three years, his troops controlled parts of southwestern Mexico. In 1814, while still fighting the war, Morelos called Mexico\u2019s revolutionaries to the Congress of Chilpancingo, where they formally declared independence, formed a new government, and wrote a constitution. Morelos was caught the next year and executed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Extension Activity<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>As an extended lesson on art history and to expand students\u2019 visual literacy, show students a variety of portraits of political figures from the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. (Some are included in the Additional Resources section.) Examine the similarity of stance and explore the importance of the items placed in the portraits. Discuss why leaders might have been portrayed in this way. &nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Words to Know<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>caste (casta) system |<\/strong> a social ranking system developed by the Spanish in Mexico to distinguish people based on their ethnic and racial ancestry<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Additional Resources<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Jose-Maria-Morelos\" target=\"_blank\">&#8220;Jos\u00e9 Mar\u00eda Morelos,&#8221; Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Miguel-Hidalgo-y-Costilla\" target=\"_blank\">&#8220;Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla,&#8221; Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/georgewashington.si.edu\/portrait\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\">Portrait of George Washington, Gilbert Stuart, National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nga.gov\/collection\/art-object-page.46114.html\" target=\"_blank\">Portrait of Napoleon Bonaparte (<em>The Emperor Napoleon in His Study at the Tuileries)<\/em>, Jacques-Louis David, National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C.<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>These portraits and related sources appear in the collection essay <em><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/?p=14438\" target=\"_blank\">Caste and Politics in the Struggle for Mexican Independence.<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__nav-link\"><span class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__title-wrapper\"><a href=\"#\"><span class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__title\">Downloads<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__tab-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"wp-block-getwid-tabs__tab-content\">\n<p><strong>Download the following materials below: <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>A copy of the &#8220;Comparing Portraits&#8221; activity <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Copies of the portrait images used in this activity <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div data-wp-interactive=\"core\/file\" class=\"wp-block-file\"><object data-wp-bind--hidden=\"!state.hasPdfPreview\" hidden class=\"wp-block-file__embed\" data=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/MexicanPortraits_Activity_Download2.pdf\" type=\"application\/pdf\" style=\"width:100%;height:600px\" aria-label=\"Embed of Download a copy of the Comparing Portraits activity here..\"><\/object><a id=\"wp-block-file--media-bd09c978-2d27-41ed-a45a-38f9af0538cb\" href=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/MexicanPortraits_Activity_Download2.pdf\">Download a copy of the Comparing Portraits activity here.<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/MexicanPortraits_Activity_Download2.pdf\" class=\"wp-block-file__button wp-element-button\" download aria-describedby=\"wp-block-file--media-bd09c978-2d27-41ed-a45a-38f9af0538cb\">Download<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div data-wp-interactive=\"core\/file\" class=\"wp-block-file\"><object data-wp-bind--hidden=\"!state.hasPdfPreview\" hidden class=\"wp-block-file__embed\" data=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/ComparingPortraits_Download_Sources.pdf\" type=\"application\/pdf\" style=\"width:100%;height:600px\" aria-label=\"Embed of Download the images used in this activity here..\"><\/object><a id=\"wp-block-file--media-1c8d176d-40d7-4fae-9251-733a0d7dcc63\" href=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/ComparingPortraits_Download_Sources.pdf\">Download the images used in this activity here.<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/ComparingPortraits_Download_Sources.pdf\" class=\"wp-block-file__button wp-element-button\" download aria-describedby=\"wp-block-file--media-1c8d176d-40d7-4fae-9251-733a0d7dcc63\">Download<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":17826,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[83,136,124,139],"tags":[167,166],"class_list":["post-17815","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-19th-century","category-activities","category-cm","category-middle-school","tag-arts","tag-world-history"],"blocksy_meta":{"styles_descriptor":{"styles":{"desktop":"","tablet":"","mobile":""},"google_fonts":[],"version":6}},"acf":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Palacio_Morelos_opp-p296-scaled.jpg","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17815","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=17815"}],"version-history":[{"count":31,"href":"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17815\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":23626,"href":"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17815\/revisions\/23626"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/17826"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=17815"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=17815"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dcc.newberry.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=17815"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}